Effectiveness of measles vaccination and vitamin A treatment
Results:
A meta-analysis of these studies found that vaccination was 85% [95% confidence interval (CI) 83–87] effective in preventing measles disease, which will be used as a proxy for measles mortality in LiST for countries vaccinating before one year of age. The literature also suggests that a conservative 95% effect estimate is reasonable to employ when vaccinating at 1 year or later and 98% for two doses of vaccine based on serology reviews.
http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/suppl_1/i48.full
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Measles Transmission and Vaccine Effectiveness during a Large Outbreak on a Densely Populated Island: Implications for Vaccination Policy
Results. Seventy-two households were included in the study. The median household size was 11 persons, and the median number of persons per room was 5.5. Secondary cases were more likely than primary cases to be infants (46% vs. 13%; P = .03).
MMR vaccine effectiveness was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%–98%) for 1 dose and 95% (95% CI, 82%–98%) for 2 doses.
Conclusions. Measles vaccine effectiveness was high; thus, diminished effectiveness was not the main cause of the outbreak. In communities with high population density and household crowding, very high population immunity is needed to prevent measles outbreaks and to protect infants below the age of vaccination. This may require excellent implementation of a routine 2-dose measles vaccination strategy.
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Measles Vaccine Effectiveness and Duration of Vaccine-induced Immunity in the Absence of Boosting from Exposure to Measles Virus
Results: Among 78 contacts 4 of 5 (80%) unvaccinated, 4 of 35 (11%) 1-dose vaccine recipients and none of 38 (0%) >1-dose recipients developed measles.
Effectiveness of 1-dose vaccine was 86% (95% confidence interval, 60 to 95%). An additional dose significantly reduced the risk of measles (P = 0.048). Time since vaccination was not a significant risk factor for developing measles (relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 9.4; persons vaccinated >15 years ago vs. <5 years ago).
http://journals.lww.com/pidj/Abstra..._Vaccine_Effectiveness_and_Duration_of.5.aspx
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Clinical efficacy of measles vaccine during the 1990 measles epidemic.
Because of increased measles incidence in the United States during 1989 and 1990 and the recent finding of genomic differences between vaccine virus and contemporary wild measles viruses, we conducted a study to determine whether the current measles vaccine had become less effective. H
ousehold secondary attack rates for 203 California children ages 1 to 5 years were 4.2 and 77.8% for vaccinated and unvaccinated children, respectively, and the vaccine efficacy was 95% (95% confidence interval: 89%, 97%). The protective efficacy for postexposure vaccination and use of IG were both low, 4% (95% confidence interval: less than 0, 36%) and 8% (95% confidence interval: less than 0, 59%), respectively. The measles vaccine efficacy found in this study is similar to those obtained in previous years and indicates that the measles epidemic of 1989 to 1990 occurred despite high vaccine effectiveness.
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/3/315.short
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Measles vaccine effectiveness in standard and early immunization strategies, Niger, 1995
Results. Highest measles incidence rates were observed among children <1 year of age. V
accine effectiveness estimates increased with age at vaccination from 78% with a single dose administered at 6 months of age to 95% at 9 months. Vaccine effectiveness with the early two dose strategy was 93%.
http://journals.lww.com/pidj/Abstra...vaccine_effectiveness_in_standard_and.14.aspx
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