Look at those clouds behind the sun and moon. Kinda backs up what the rays of the sun tell us.
--Dave
Are you sure you want to go there? We have a fairly good handle on how high clouds get to be. Most are below 20,000 ft, a fair amount below the altitude airplanes routinely fly. Some are a little higher, maybe reaching over 50,000 feet. That's about 10 or so miles. Are you saying the sun is below the highest clouds, and likely below some of the lower ones--the ones we can and usually do fly over in commercial jets? Even 50,000 ft is below the Concorde's flight altitude, when it was flying. I can't recall anyone ever releasing pictures of the sun with the earth behind it, but let us know if you find some.
Let's do some math. If the sun at 93,000,000 miles distance has to be 875,000 miles in diameter to appear the size it appears to be, the sun at only 10 miles (52,800 ft) would only be 497
feet in diameter. Just for comparison, the Airbus 380 is 239 ft long. An airbus flying just under the sun, which you seem to think is possible, would cast a sizeable shadow over the whole day-time earth.
Despite how improbable it seems, though, I think we can back up this height with a look at sun-beams. I was driving into Colorado Springs yesterday about 7pm, and there was a beautiful example of crepuscular rays shining down on the city. I apologize for not snapping a photo, but I was driving, after all. Here are some photos that are similar, and you can get some idea of distance in them.
The rays I saw were hitting the ground at angles ranging from 90 deg (as measured from the ground, directly under the sun no doubt) out to maybe 30 deg, similar to the photos above. Since 45 degrees is in that range, I started thinking about the geometry of the rays, and remembered that the two short legs of a 45 deg right triangle, the ones opposite the 45 degree angles, are the same length. Here's a picture of such a triangle, with the short sides normalized to "1":
The rays I could see did not reach beyond the city limits, and since the total length of Colorado Springs that I could view was less than 20 miles, the half distance is 10 miles, which gives us a maximum for the length of the short sides of the 45 deg right triangle.
As you can see in the triangle image, that would equal the height of the sun from Co Springs. Co Springs is some 6000 feet above sea level, or just over a mile. That puts the sun right at 58,000 ft, or 11 miles above sea level.
Of course, this height is much lower than the distance given in most flat earth models. I wonder why that is?
The other interesting thing about your crepuscular sun beam arguments is that if the sun can actually illuminate clouds from below, as shown in your figure (below), then it once more gives evidence that the sun is
much lower than flat earth models say. Low enough that we could fly over the sun.