Hi Eireann,
I said:
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Disagree. You are simply positing the self-refuting philosophy of Scientism here with point two. Proof can exist in non-empirical forms. For example, argumentation is a form of "proof" in itself. Also, you should consider legal evidence as well. Many times, legal evidence does not require empirical proof but simply enough indirect proof that is sufficient to overcome reasonable doubt regarding the cause of a past event.
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You're wrongly equating proof and evidence. I'm not talking about proof. I'm talking about acceptable standards of evidence.
If you cared to look up the definition of "evidence" OR "proof", you'd see that they are defined as synonyms. In fact, here is the definition of proof:
- proof (pr¡f) noun
Abbr. prf.
1. The evidence or argument that compels the mind to accept an assertion as true.
Excerpted from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition © 1996 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Contrary to your claim above, I DID NOT "wrongly" equate proof and evidence. They are equated by definition.
Proof may well lie outside the boundaries of empiricism, which is why so few things are actually proven (even Newton's Laws of Thermodynamics are not accepted as proven fact, they are merely accepted as undisputed). Evidence, however, does generally need to be empirical in order to be acceptable, even in cases of law. In cases of law, it almost always requires empirical evidence to overcome reasonable doubt.
Totally incorrect. Here is the definition of "evidence" -
Evidence (èv´î-dens) noun
1. A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment:
Excerpted from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition © 1996 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
There can be many non-empirical "thing or things" that can be helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment. No where does the dictionary define evidence as "empirical". That is a stipulation that YOU are superficially adding to the word.
For instance, some states have even passed recent laws that bar a person from being able to be convicted on eyewitness testimony alone.
Yes, and the operative word there is "alone". The fact is, eyewitness testimony is still a major form of legal evidence, even if it cannot be the sole evidence. Here is the legal definition of evidence -
3. The documentary or oral statements and the material objects admissible as testimony in a court of law.
Excerpted from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition © 1996 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
I said:
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Disagree. You can have two rival theories that are to greater or lesser degree, both reasonable. Usually the reasonable theory that has the higher probability of being correct is the one that should be adopted.
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Obviously, if both sides are using the same bit of evidence for their own side, then that evidence isn't going to stack up well against the evidence of their opponent; their points will basically cancel each other out, the evidence being of no help at all. If you want to gain an edge on your opponent, your evidence has to be something your opponent cannot use.
That is true in some cases, but in many other cases, the same body of evidence can be open to different interpretations that are equally valid, but not equally probable. Your stipulation on this point overlooked the fact that in many cases, evidence can be open to varying interpretations.
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Disagree. For example, logic is not empirical or observable in a physical sense, but we'd hardly consider it "mythical". Black holes are not directly observable or been subject to any empirical testing yet we know they are not mythical.
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The only difference between "mythical" and "theoretical" is that the theoretical seeks naturalistic explanations, and the mythical seeks supernatural explanations.
I disagree because "myth" carries with it a connotation of falsity. A "theory" on the other hand is a more neutral term that describes an assumption or speculation that is based on limited information. To exclusively apply the term "myth" to supernatural explanations is nothing but an exercise of philosophical bigotry, and it is a logical fallacy as well since certain naturalistic explanations could be mythical. For example, I could claim that the pyramids in Egypt were built by aliens. That is a perfectly naturalistic explanation, yet it is just as mythical as saying the pyramids were built by "gods". So your above generalization is inadequate and false.
However, since the theoretical is more uniformly based on empericism and scientific methods, it is more generally accepted than the mythical, which requires much more of a leap of faith.
Again, your dichotomy between theory and myth is prejudicial and inadequate. See above.
I said:
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In many cases, we can determine what an entity is, or if it exists by the effect of it's presence. This is not only true of black holes, but of gravity as well. We know of it's existence by it's effect.
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No, but we can theorize about causes when the only thing we can observe is the effect. Gravity is also a much more testable theory than deism. We can test gravity again and again and again by using objects in the real, observable world, and recreate those effects every time.
You began your statement here by saying "no", but I am not sure what you are disagreeing with. In the statement you were responding to, all I said was that we can determine the nature/existence of an entity by observing the effects of it's presence. Certainly, your statements reveal that you agree that gravity exists because we have observed the effects of it's presence.......so it seems we are in agreement on this point.
We can't call up demons and angels and gods, though, and test those theories which have been attributed to them in nearly such a manner.
Of course, and that is why I don't think any theist would be so foolish to claim that supernaturalism and gravity are theories with equal evidence.
....the only thing that can really soundly be postulated is the physical or physiological processes involved; theories of divine or intelligent design behind those things are leaps of faith.
The existence of the attributes of design in nature do not require faith. They are observable, and measureable. To deduce the possibility of a designer from design is basic logic, not a leap of faith. Furthermore, some would say that believing complex universes popping into existence uncaused or self-caused is a "leap of faith". In fact, the idea of a self-caused or uncaused universe popping existence for no reason whatsoever, is just as unproven and just as mythical as any god theory.
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Disagree. You fail to consider the obvious fact that people who witness miracles are most likely going to become believers. For example, let's say I was an avid disbeliever in aliens. If an alien came and visited me and I directly observed the alien, by the time I reported the event to you I would have changed into a believer. In other words, the act of witnessing the miracle in many cases is the CAUSE of one's conversion from disbeliever into believer.....therefore, your stipulation on this point is very limited in scope and not realistic.
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You also fail to consider that very, very few of the miraculous events in the Bible were attested to by actual eyewitnesses, with the possible exception of the alleged miracles of Moses (which were written of by Moses -- tooting his own horn, anyone?).
HAHA! Your real standards come out! So basically, you think the eyewitness evidence is no good if the testimony is second-hand, and it is also no good if its first-hand because then you'll consider it "tooting one's own horn". In other words, there is no form of eyewitness testimony you will accept.
There are almost no 1st person eyewitness testimonies to the miracles of Jesus in the Bible. Scarcely a word of the New Testament was even written by anyone who had ever met Jesus, or had met him for any significant time.
I am not concerned about the Bible and it has no bearing on my argument. My initial point was regarding legal evidences and the fact that eyewitness testimony is a legitimate form of non-empirical EVIDENCE. Thus, your initial claim that all evidences have to be "empirical" has gone tits up. It's been refuted. Case closed.
Regards,