Eireann,
I said:
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If you cared to look up the definition of "evidence" OR "proof", you'd see that they are defined as synonyms. In fact, here is the definition of proof:
- proof (pr¡f) noun
Abbr. prf.
1. The evidence or argument that compels the mind to accept an assertion as true.
Excerpted from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition © 1996 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Contrary to your claim above, I DID NOT "wrongly" equate proof and evidence. They are equated by definition.
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Originally posted by Eireann
Read it again, they are not equated, they are related. You overlooked the "that compels the mind to accept" part. To be equated with proof, the evidence MUST be able to compel in such a way. If it isn't so compelling, it isn't synonymous.
I read it again, and they are definitely equated. "Proof" means "evidence". Proof is evidence and evidence is proof. They are synonymous terms. Grab your Thesaurus and look it up.
I said:
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There can be many non-empirical "thing or things" that can be helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment. No where does the dictionary define evidence as "empirical". That is a stipulation that YOU are superficially adding to the word.
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I didn't say evidence has to always be empirical.
Ermm....actually, you did say evidence should be empirical. I'll quote you:
Originally posted by Eireann Evidence should be:
4) It should be empirical and observable, not merely mythical.
Since I pointed out that there are valid forms of non-empirical evidence (i.e, logic, argument, and legal evidence), your claim was falsified.
That's not a legal definition. That's a lay definition. A legal definition would be one you would find in Black's Dictionary of Law or some other similar law dictionary, not in the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.
So what? Are you going to argue that the lay definition is incorrect or opposed to the "legal" definition? If not, what is your point? In reality, the Law dictionaries include definitions for numerous forms of evidence, such as - indirect evidence, collateral evidence, secondary evidence, circumstantial evidence, circumstance constructive evidence, suppositional prima facie evidence, internal evidence, presumptive evidence, direct evidence, demonstrative evidence, final evidence, conclusive evidence, counterevidence, ex parte evidence, etc.
The point I am making and have made from the very beginning is that there are many forms of evidence that are non-empirical, but are perfectly valid. Therefore, your original claim has been falsified.
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That is true in some cases, but in many other cases, the same body of evidence can be open to different interpretations that are equally valid, but not equally probable. Your stipulation on this point overlooked the fact that in many cases, evidence can be open to varying interpretations.
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Not when you're trying to use the evidence as proof, to "compel the mind to accept an assertion as true." In such cases any evidence that can be interpreted more than one way would be self-refuting as proof.
Huh??? But proofs are not self-explained. All proofs have to be explained by someone, and those explanations are largely based on interpretations and key assumptions. One interpretation of the evidence is not "self-refuted" just because it has a rival interpretation that competes with it. Your claim makes no sense. The competition of two theories does not equal the self-refutation of those theories. I have no idea where you got that strange notion.
A myth does not necessarily connote to a falsehood. From Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th Edition, 1993 --
Oh please! In the secular world of iconoclasts and skeptics, you know as well as I that "myth" is almost always used with the connotation of falsity attached to it. When skeptics say "myth", they most commonly use it in the context of definition 4:
"4. A fictitious story, person, or thing:"
This is definition #1, the most common usage. By that definition, the Bible is full of myth. That doesn't mean the myths aren't true.
As mentioned above, the definition that has the "common usage" varies depending on who you are talking to. When talking to atheists and skeptics in general, 9 times out of 10 they will be using the term "myth" with a connotation of falsity attached to it. There is no point in denying or arguing against this. It is intuitively obvious to anyone who has spent any amount of time debating skeptics.
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o exclusively apply the term "myth" to supernatural explanations is nothing but an exercise of philosophical bigotry, and it is a logical fallacy as well since certain naturalistic explanations could be mythical.
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Incorrect. You are presupposing a definition of "myth" that falls relatively low on the list of common usage (in Webster's it is actually #4 only, out of 6 given definitions).
Even if I were to concede that definition #1 is the most commonly used definition BY SKEPTICS, (which I am not conceding).... my rebuttal would still remain effective because even in definition #1, it mentions natural entities, such as ancestors and heroes, both of which are NATURAL entities. (Examples - the myth of Atlantis, King Arthur, etc.) So since natural explanations can also be mythical, your initial claim that -
"the theoretical seeks naturalistic explanations, and the mythical seeks supernatural explanations" - is not accurate.
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For example, I could claim that the pyramids in Egypt were built by aliens. That is a perfectly naturalistic explanation, yet it is just as mythical as saying the pyramids were built by "gods". So your above generalization is inadequate and false.
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It's not incorrect at all. I just gave you a mythic, natural explanation regarding aliens building the pyramids! That means that "myth" can and does include naturalistic explanations. If you are an honest debater, you will concede your argument on this point. It has been refuted.
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You began your statement here by saying "no", but I am not sure what you are disagreeing with. In the statement you were responding to, all I said was that we can determine the nature/existence of an entity by observing the effects of it's presence. Certainly, your statements reveal that you agree that gravity exists because we have observed the effects of it's presence.......so it seems we are in agreement on this point.
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In saying "no," I was assuming that by "entity" you were referring to intelligent beings, such as demons, angels or gods, and that their existence or nature could be determined by observing their effects.
Actually, I was referring to something more general, like an "intelligent designer". If there exists an intelligent designer for the physical world, the evidence (or effect) would be the existence of design in the physical world. Design in the natural world would be the *effect* of a designer's presence......just like falling apples would be the effect of gravity's presence.
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The existence of the attributes of design in nature do not require faith. They are observable, and measureable. To deduce the possibility of a designer from design is basic logic, not a leap of faith.
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I agree, and for that reason I do believe there is a designer. But while it is perfectly logical to deduce the possibility of a designer, and perhaps even the probability of such, it is quite another thing to deduce that such is a proven fact.
Of course. Very few things can be considered "proven fact". Most of the elements of ALL origin theories are highly unproven. The theory of evolution, big bang cosmology, etc., are riddled with speculative claims that can never be empirically verified. Unless we can put the past in our laboratories and directly observe the events of the last 15 billion years, all we are left with is guesswork and speculative theories that are based on indirect, residual, secondary evidences. (which are open to varying interpretations)
Not true. I won't automatically accept 1st person first-hand DOER
or any version of "he said she said" on faith, but I am much more inclined to take 1st person first-hand WITNESS on faith.
Okay, fair enough. So there is ONE form of eyewitness testimony you will accept and that is the 1st person, first-hand eyewitness. But what about events that people report happened TO them? In other words, not feats they accomplished, but rather, events that happened TO them that were outside of their control. For example: "I went on a Safari in Africa and got chased by a lion."
Also, you should be aware that the gospels of Matthew, Luke, and John would fall under the category of 1st person, first-hand eyewitness testimony.....the kind that you said is acceptable.
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My initial point was regarding legal evidences and the fact that eyewitness testimony is a legitimate form of non-empirical EVIDENCE.
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The very fact that states have now enacted laws prohibiting conviction from eyewitness testimony suggests otherwise.
Those states have simply made the ammendment that eyewitness testimony cannot be the *ONLY* form of evidence. They did not say it was no longer a form of evidence altogether. These states you speak of still have eyewitness testimony as a legitimate form of evidence. Therefore, my point still stands and your initial claim that - "evidence should be empirical and observable" - is false. It is false because logic, argument, and eyewitness testimony are all valid forms of evidence that are not empirical or observable.
Regards,