This is the question I have agreed to answer from an open theist perspective.
I have to say it is a pleasure to get the chance to answer this question. But when I have answered it, Mr Orr has agreed to answer the converse question from a Calvinist or reformed perspective.
So let me begin by summarising the open theist position. Well, it is my position, not necessarily that of other open theists. Although I am reasonably confident that it is their perspective as well.
1. Going to hell does not mean everlasting pain and anguish. Whilst the fires of hell may never go out, each person that goes there is destroyed soon after getting there. That is what fire is for. That is the second death.
Shall I ask you support this using Scripture? But you can’t Scripture proof-text, right? Your belief here takes you right out of orthodoxy, which OTs' have stressed that they are in orthodoxy, only differing on the extent of God’s omniscience.
2. God is not responsible for the choices of individuals in an open world.
3. God is completely just and judges according the heart, not according to the outward appearance. The position regarding the career of those who have never heard the gospel is the same as babies who die before maturity. The Bible says nothing about this subject.
Because you say the Bible says nothing on this, you feel that you are at liberty to make a sweeping statement as such? However, either you did not want to answer it or thought you could just bi-pass it, thinking it would go unnoticed, wouldn’t you say then that it would be better for me to not share the gospel with someone who never heard it?
Afterall, because I want this man to go to heaven, if I share the gospel with him, he might reject it and then be damned to hell. I don’t want to have his blood on my hands.
So, if a dying man is in my arms and he has a few minutes before he dies, and has never heard the gospel, it is better for me not share it at all. If I do this, I can guarantee his salvation.
These three points combined represent probably most of what is significant about open theists' views on judgement and sin.
Some details:
Your question asks:
I emphasised the relevant text. Sin can only be committed with knowledge and intent. The (reformed) doctrine of original sin (of course this doctrine did not originate in the reformation but in my view it was the reformation that promoted it in its most crystal clear form)... By the way, I am defining sin in the present context as the deliberate and willing commission of a wicked act. In this context I am not defining it as merely the breaking of some law, though, hopefully, you would expect that law generally would be consistent with goodness. Paul is obviously concerned to make this very point when he says that human beings from Adam to Moses still sinned even though the law was not given. (Rom. 5) Sin is punishable by definition... Therefore the doctrine of the original sin and culpability of every individual from birth is self-contradictory. This fits in with my schema I gave recently for deciding if some or other theology was correct. The doctrine fails the first test of coherence. Therefore we do not go any further with it. We do not attempt to justify it by other methods such as proof texting from the Bible. All the many texts which its supporters adduce from Scripture cannot overcome its inherent incoherence.
To get round this problem, reformed theology emphasises man's tendency to sin as being the grounds for God's judgement rather than the actual commission of sin. One might call it moving the goalposts. Moving the goalposts doesn't actually resolve anything. In fact it makes it even harder to justify. Taking this view, one would conclude that both babies and the heathen are worthy of judgement from the time of birth (or conception, though that is not an issue here). To justify this view, the reformed need to resort to a new concept that is not in the Bible. There is no such thing as the fall of man in the Bible. The only time the phrase itself occurs is in the paragraph heading in Genesis ch. 3 in some Bible translations. And that is of course just an editor's comment. Of course, reformed adherents will counter that the mere absence of a particular phrase doesn't prove that the concept itself is absent. But clearly, man after the eviction from Eden is the same man as before. And when God regretted that he had made man, remember that he did not regret that man had fallen. He regretted that he had made man at all. Man with the potential to sin is how man was made, not how man became. If it were true that all men were born sinners and born culpable and worthy of the judgement of hell, then yes, God would be unjust. Happily that is not the case. There is no need here to refute all the many proof texts which Calvinists use to support this doctrine. I certainly can. But as I have said before, it is tedious. The doctrine is incoherent and needs to overcome this hurdle before we talk about scripture..
I just find your qualifier that we can't use texts to prove a theology horribly guilty of special pleading, for you attempt to use texts to prove your interpretation, yet dismiss Calvinists for using Scripture to prove their position. If one cannot use Scripture, what else can one use? The Reformed position doesn't proof-text as you say it does; rather, it uses the texts biblically and in context. The rest of your response here shows how inconsistent your view is, as you will see.
Paul says that “God has consigned all to disobedience, that he may have mercy on all.” (Romans 11:32) Is this a proof-text that doesn’t meet your standards of demonstrating support for a doctrine of Scripture?
Do you believe we all came from Adam? Genesis 6:5 & 8:21 – “The Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually... from youth.” Or did this change after the flood?
At any rate, this is the open theist position. We deny that man is by nature sinful and/or that the tendency to sin is culpable in itself. Only the actual of commission of sin is culpable. Men will be judged according to their deeds, not according to how they were made.
So when God judges those who have not heard the Gospel, his judgement is against all those who commit wickedness. There is no disputing this. We are all agreed on it. All those who have committed sin will be punished according to their deeds.
But you said this,
The position regarding the career of those who have never heard the gospel is the same as babies who die before maturity. The Bible says nothing about this subject. It is possible that a wicked person would have repented if he had heard the Gospel but there again life is full of what ifs and what could have beens. That is the open view position. The course of history is what it is. You cannot change the past.
Now you are just making conjecture since the Bible, as you remark, says nothing about this subject. The looming question then is the wicked person, he who has committed sin, better off not hearing the gospel, since you assume they are safe with unborn babies?
Or are you going to accuse me of twisting your words?
Psalm 37 for example confidently proclaims that God will justify the righteous and punish the wicked. This is why it is necessary to proclaim the Gospel. Because the future is open. The future is worth making better. The Calvinist gospel can be summarised by "You may have been lucky enough to be one of the elect, so repent and if you are one of the lucky ones then you will believe and get saved."
Again, why is it necessary to proclaim the gospel if those who never hear it are safe with unborn babies?
Paul gives a little pointer to the career of those who have not heard the Gospel when he proclaims
Notice how Paul, when preaching to the unchurched, to rank heathens, does not begin with the 'four spiritual laws'. He does not tell them that they are all sinners condemned to hell. Surely he would have done this if the doctrine of original sin was correct? Instead he speaks of the possibility of these men groping for God and finding him and he speaks of God overlooking the times of ignorance. This is perhaps just an inkling into Paul's concept of the heathen and perhaps on its own it is not sufficient to justify a specific doctrine of salvation without explicit belief in Christ but whatever it is, is certainly anything but the Gospel according to Calvin.
You said the Bible doesn’t speak on this matter? Or does it? How about giving us the Bible verses you are quoting from Paul. Why did you say Paul was talking to “rank heathens” without knowing if they have actually committed sin? Or, do you call them heathens because you believe that they are sinners according to their nature? By their nature they must commit sin, right?
Are you implying that the unchurched did not know any better, and it is really not their fault for their disobedience? However, didn't Paul say in Romans 1:18-25 that they are all without excuse and under judgment? Or maybe the proper context is that God exclusively addressed Israel, leaving the pagan nations to their own devices, but is now making it known that they are under judgment and need to repent of it?
However, according to what you said, Paul really should not say anything at all because they were really in a state of grace because they had never heard it, right?
I see nothing but inconsistencies in your theology.
Your position is untenable and lacking scriptural support.