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The Genius and Divine Inspiration of the United States Constitution (Part Four): Mechanics of Governance--Property Rights and the Voting Franchise
The proper role of government is to protect freedom. Freedom, to our Founding Fathers, consisted of the power or ability to enjoy one's life, liberty and property. Of these, property rights occupied a paramount status. Indeed, property rights were the kingpin or foundation stone upon which all other elements of freedom rest. The importance of property rights are reflected in the words and writings of the framers and other great men before, during, and after the founding era.
Arguments the Founders used for restricting the voting franchise to property owners included:
- Since voters were also property owners they would have a great vested interest in how government was run and operated and in keeping government fiscally restrained and responsible
- Potential voters had a built-in incentive to acquire property
- Property owners were generally seen as those who had worked hard and industriously, had exercised self-control and thrift, and acquired other virtuous character traits seen as necessary for the well-being of society.
Alexander Hamilton empathized with those wishing to broaden the voting suffrage by allowing non-property owners the vote but realized the folly inherent with allowing such. Further, in regards to fairness and equality, he understood that voters who were also property owners would be on an equal footing with all other such voters. As he wrote:
If it were probable that every man would give his vote freely, and without influence of any kind, then, upon the true theory and genuine principles of liberty, every member of the community, however poor, should have a vote… But since that can hardly be expected, in persons of indigent fortunes, or such as are under the immediate dominion of others, all popular states have been obliged to establish certain qualifications, whereby, some who are suspected to have no will of their own, are excluded from voting; in order to set other individuals, whose wills may be supposed independent, more thoroughly upon a level with each other. (Alexander Hamilton, "The Farmer Refuted")
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