Actually, the word is even more loosey goosey than the word ‘species’ is. Oxford Dictionary defines it "Biology : (of an organ or part of the body) degenerate, rudimentary, or atrophied, having become functionless in the course of evolution.".
I'm normally a devotee of the Oxford Concise, and I agree that is the definition given, but I think it is not specific enough to be useful biologically.
My New Penguin dictionary of Science (not so esteemed a provenance, but maybe more likely) has "
Any structure within an organism which has become reduced in both size and function during evolutionary time." It gives the example of the vestigial pelvic girdle in boas and other snakes, where legs used to be attached in an ancestral species.
In the context of evolution you would never say that a vestigial structure would have
no function. The human appendix has definitely lost its role as a container for materials used to digest cellulose, but it remains with lesser, marginal functions. The plantaris muscle is so pathetic a structure that you wouldn't know whether you have one or not, but if you do have one then it exerts a small force. On the other hand kiwi have vestigial wings, but they do appear from observed behaviour not to be used for anything.
Maybe they are actually vestigial paddles that were originally needed for the long sections of swimming needed to get from the Middle East to New Zealand after the alleged flood.
And, I remember that the usual creationist claim (was it AiG?) about vestigial girdle on a snake is that it still has a function, that as a connection point for tendons. But why didn't they just say it was left over from when the snake was punished and forced to crawl on its belly after that whole Eve + Granny Smith incident?
I think, somehow, they want to be taken seriously. But they know they can't...
It is a belief the organ has stasis in one creature and degrades in another.
Well which do you believe? Is there evidence that the genome is degrading due to sin, or not? Does this only affect some organs? Can you predict which organs it will affect?
the plantaris muscle has function and purpose. It would seem that similar to other genetic problems, that the plantaris muscle may have diminished function over the past 6,000 years since creation.
I think you've lost on that one. There is no logic in your claim, and the evidence is against you on '
purpose', '
genetic problems' (it is not a genetic problem to dispense with vestigial structures, it is an advantage to do so), '
6,000 years (more like at least 4 million years of bipedalism with ardipithecus), and '
creation' (not established by a single unambigious fact ever).
Stuu: I admit that good design is evidence of an intelligent creator.
Great! However I don't believe you, unless you have now personified and deified natural selection? You insist on interpreting evidence through your worldview, religion, theology. Let's test this... what can you point to in nature or in the universe that is a good design?
My wristwatch is quite a good design, I'd say, and I've no reason to doubt that the Olympus watch company has a good reputation for engineering, with intelligent watch creators on their payroll. You can even call my watch an extended phenotype if you need an evolutionary term for it.
Ok... So natural selection "gives the illusion of design"...even though it "stumbles upon Solutions unable to backtrack", resulting in "poor engineering" and "bad design"; sometimes its "shoddy", or "makeshift solution" and sometimes "OPTIMAL?". You are an apologist for your non falsifiable belief system. Your explanations are like a fog that can cover any landscape.
Consider it carefully, though. Remember that natural selection does not make things the same way a really top engineer would, because it can't. So it gets stuck with less than ideal situations that were cobbled together at the time they were needed, and because it can't redesign from scratch, over the many millennia it adds little fixes here and there to give slight improvements. So the word optimal isn't really right. But that process still
optimises.
Also, the only test is survival to reproduce. So some things will look shabbier than others, because the minimum test gets applied. The human brain is one of the most complicated machines we know, possibly the most complicated in the universe. That contains the most phenomenal illusion of design, even though it has arisen by the same process that gave men a prostate gland, which frankly is a joke of an idea, engineering-wise. Why not make the urethra go along the outside, and not directly through the gland?
Although, actually, that's a bit unfair on natural selection, because like many things the prostate tends to go wrong after normal reproductive age so the reproductive test is not applied very strongly to it, and hence it looks a bit poor.
So, natural selection creates things for future use?
No, indeed it doesn't. It only uses what is already there, including the genome, so anything that can be made by a new mutation, or any change that happens by chance to the proteins in an existing structure.
Hmmm.... Seems like you are sticking with evolutionary arguments proven false by science years ago. The 'wiring' of the vertebrate eye is far superior to the simpler verted design.
'Verted' isn't in the Oxford Concise. Unless you mean that it has been painted green, as in heraldry.
I’m not sure who IRC is, although maybe it’s a site I quoted from? In any case, yes our Creator is perfect.
Tee hee. They appear to be avoiding saying that themselves!
Your belief system has not kept up with ‘science’. Evolutionists believe sophisticated vision systems, perhaps better than our own existed over 500 million years ago. They admit there is no progression, although they arrange pictures of various eye types in patterns ti fit their beliefs… That is not science.
I agree it's not science, it's a strawman argument, although you have even failed to shoot down your own strawman.
Stuu: ..cepahlopod eyes began as indentations in the body surface.
That’s the standard evolutionary claim, but not backed by science. The’simple’ eye spot is actually quite complex. Did it magically assemble itself?
I'd ask a creationist about magic. Did it magically assemble itself? if not, how did it happen?
Meantime, back to reality. Because eyes have evolved so many times over, you just have to look around the animal kingdom to see all of the intermediate stages, present in animals alive today.
Planarian:
The blunt, triangular head has two ocelli ([cupped] eyespots), pigmented areas that are sensitive to light.
Nautilus:
Unlike many other cephalopods, nautiluses do not have what many consider to be good vision; their eye structure is highly developed but lacks a solid lens. Whereas a sealed lens allows for the formation of highly focused and clear, detailed surrounding imagery, nautiluses have a simple pinhole eye open to the environment which only allows for the creation of correspondingly simple imagery.
Your denial of Christ, as our omnipotent Holy God,
Let's not turn this into another thread on the supposed trinity!
blinds you into accepting pseudoscience.
Would you say that walking on the surface of water, and walking again after being successfully executed, and being born of just one parent is science? It's not even pseudoscience.
You would rather believe disproven evolutionary arguments
No, I would rather have wrong beliefs identified and corrected. But you haven't been convincing in your attempts because you just don't know enough about it. You don't know the arguments against your position, and rather startlingly you didn't know that IRC is one of the creationist websites you quote from quite often, so you don't know your own position properly either.
from the past, than follow evidence which just might lead you to our Creator.
Yes, I recommend being a bit careful about that. The 'evidence' you cite is completely ambiguous, and it may well lead to some other creator, one that you wouldn't be allowed to acknowledge.
Stuart