I'll at least mention that Paul said the Gospel was bearing fruit in all the world (kosmos) - as you pointed out - but Paul did not mean the whole world. I don't think native Americans were hearing about the faith of the Romans at that time.
There was never a harvest that even extended to the area which Paul said that the Gospel was bearing fruit. All you want to do is to make the meaning of the Greek word
kosmos just mean the land of Israel.
But if that was the meaning the Lord Jesus wanted to place at Matthew 13 He would not have used the word
kosmos. But He did. We can also see that signs will be seen in the sky AFTER the great tribulation is over:
"Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken" (Mt.24:29).
And the following passage describes men reacting to those signs in the sky and being in fear of things which will be coming on a much larger area than Israel, and which will take place after the great tribulation is over:
"And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring; Men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth (oikoumene)" (Lk.21:25-26).
There was never a large harvest that happened on a large mass of land after Jerusalem was destroyed in 70 AD.
Even Gary DeMar, one of the best known preterists, had this to say about the meaning of the Greek word
oikoumene:
"The case can be made that 'oikoumene' is used exclusively for the geographical area generally limited to the Roman empire of the first-century and the territories immediately adjacent which were known and accessible to first-century travelers. When first-century Christians read the word 'oikoumene,' they thought of what they knew of their world" [emphasis mine] (Gary DeMar, "The Gospel Preached to All the World, Part 3 of 4; The Preterist Archive).
You can try to limit the meaning of both
kosmos and
oikoumene to Israel but that is not the meaning of either word. Instead, the true meaning of both words sink the preterist ship to the bottom of the sea.
We can also see that there will be a world wide judgment at the end of the age because He compares that with the world wide flood:
"But as the days of Noah were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be" (Mt.24:37-39).
That judgment was not limited to just a part of the world but instead to the whole earth. And that is why the Lord Jesus compares His coming to the Noah's flood.
And that is exactly why the Lord Jesus said the following:
"And take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, and so that day come upon you unawares. For as a snare shall it come on all them that dwell on the face of the whole earth" (Lk.21:34-35).
To clarify, Jesus was saying the Kingdom would be taken from the current Jewish leadership and would be given to the Twelve instead?
He said that the traditional leadership within Israel would be changed. And it will be changed when the Lord Jesus will set up His earthly kingdom, as witnessed by what He told the Apostles here:
"That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel" (Lk.22:30).
When do the preterists say that this happened?
If Jesus needed 100% of the Jews to accept him (or at least some undisclosed majority), why would he teach in a way that would result in less than majority acceptance?
Because His death upon the Cross would change all this and the Holy Spirit would be sent to the earth. After that, one had to resist the Holy Spirit or else they would come to the knowledge of the truth. Stephen told those who refused to believe the following:
"Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Spirit: as your fathers did, so do ye" (Acts 7:51).
We can also see what the Lord Jesus said here:
"Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out. And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me. This he said, signifying what death he should die" (Jn.12:31-33).
You have a mountain of evidence against you in all the verses which say that a judgment will happen over a very large area of land after the great tribulation is over. And so far all you have done is to change the meanings of the Greek words which describe a large area of land and say that the meaning of those words are describing the small area of the land of Israel. That will not work, my friend. Especially since these things will happen after the great tribulation will be over.
