While listening to a popular minister on the radio yesterday (who was preaching on resurrection), the thought occurred to me that sonship is spoken of by Paul quite a bit but by John only a couple times. I was led to this when the minister quoted Paul on sonship and I was thinking in parallel of what John said but realized that there was a divide between them. Not necessarily a contradiction, but a place where Paul seemed to be fairly specific but where John was vague. that has to do with adoption.
Obviously, adoption or sonship is not an either/or matter. If one is a son, one is adopted as a son. But the seeming discontinuity makes me wonder about what I have always thought about these matters. Is one a son before one is adopted? Why would Paul say in Romans that adoption pertains to Israel (Romans 9:4) but in Galatians (where he roundly condemns the Judaizers) that Gentiles might receive the adoption of sons (Galatians 4:5)?
Further - and approaching the crux of the seeming contention between Paul and John - Paul says that this adoption is the redemption of our bodies (i.e. the resurrection):
And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body.
Romans 8:23
Yet to the Ephesians, Paul places adoption in a (seemingly) more immediate (if not accomplished) context :
According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love:
Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will,
Ephesians 1:4-5
John says that those who believed on Christ were given power to become sons of God. And the scripture that really precipitated all this comes from his first epistle :
Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is.
I John 3:2
The only way I see to be consistent is to say that no one is actually adopted until the resurrection. But even then, the spirit of what John is saying seems to tend more to the accomplished (already) understanding of sonship. If believers are NOW the sons of God, what does it mean, then to be adopted?
What's going on here?