Date for Mark
Date for Mark
Joltus,
I will agree that it is difficult to put a specific date on Mark. However, I do assert that the overwhelming consensus among scholars puts Mark between 70 to 75 C.E. (For a complete
review of scholarly research on Mark as of 1997 see Introduction to the New Testament, by Raymond E. Brown (1997) Doubleday.)
There are several reasons for this conclusion. First, While Mark is an anonyms work it was attributed to Peter’s scribner by the mid to late 2nd. The earliest written assertion of this position
is a by Eusebius (EH 3.39.15-16) who claims to have been told this by Papias an associate of Mark. If this claim is true, the best estimate for a writing date would be after Peter’s death by
Nero in the late 60s when Mark would seek to collect all of Peter’s recorded recollections into a workable narrative. This would put Mark no earlier then 70 C.E..
There is, however, substantial challenge to the Papias tradition, and a large group of scholars (including many Evangelical Scholars - is that an oxymoron?) conclude that Mark was authored
by someone other then Mark, Peter’s scribner. If this were the case, it is still likely that Mark was written no earlier then 70 C .E.
Specifically, prior to 70 C.E. the early Christians believed that Jesus was coming back in their life time. Paul alludes, several times, to this belief, and in Corinthians makes this belief a cornerstone for his conclusions that single women and widow should - if possible - remain single, and slaves should not seek their freedom. (See generally 1st Corinthians Chapter 7.) This all change over a period of ten years - i.e., 60 C.E. to 70 C.E.
By 70 C.E., Paul and Peter had just been martyred - along with the Roman Christian community - in Nero’s persecution. Rome had leveled Jerusalem, destroyed the Jewish Temple and cause the nation of Israel to cease to exist. Further, the Jerusalem church, led by Jesus’ brother James, was forced to relocate during Rome’s attack, and James was martyred a year later. So, to a large degree 70 C.E. represents the end of the first generation of Christians.
Given these facts, it is reasonable to conclude that it began to dawn on the 1st Century Church in 70 C.E. that there was no guarantee that Jesus would be returning soon. Therefore, in the period of 70 to 80 C.E. the first steps were taken to preserve, in written form, Christian teaching and doctrine.
In this light, an attempt by the 1st Century Church to memorialize an oral account of Jesus life seems logical. And to a large extent that is just what Mark is; that is, an oral account of Jesus’s
life (with possible additions by the still elusive Q) used to win souls to Christ. This is then followed by Luke and Matthew who rely on Mark in the drafting of their Gospels.
Anyway, that is the reason why Mark is dated as it is. As for your statement “that prevailing manuscript evidence points to an earlier date then 70 C.E.” I know of no such evidence.
Although, if you have a citation to such evidence I would be more then willing to look at it.
Thanks.