musterion
Well-known member
For Brian Orr...
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Mods, please pardon my posting the whole chapter but it's necessary to answer his question.
<sup>[FONT="]9:1[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience bearing witness with me in the Holy Spirit, [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:2[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]that I have great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart.
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:3[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For I could wish that I myself were anathema from Christ for my brethren's sake, my kinsmen according to the flesh: [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:4[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]who are Israelites; whose is the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service, and the promises; [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:5[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]whose are the fathers, and of whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen. [/FONT]
Paul, as a Jew, is here speaking of Jews as a whole. He longs to see them all come to Christ, as they must do individually if they’re to do it at all, but he’s laying the groundwork for why Israel as a whole was even then being set aside in blind unbelief, as that’s the question (which Paul anticipates) any Jew was bound to ask.
<sup>[FONT="]9:6[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]But not as though the word of God hath come to naught. For they are not all Israel, that are of Israel:
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:7[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]neither, because they are Abraham's seed, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:8[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]That is, it is not the children of the flesh that are children of God; but the children of the promise are reckoned for a seed. [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:9[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For this is a word of promise, According to this season will I come, and Sarah shall have a son. [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:10[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]And not only so; but Rebecca also having conceived by one, by our father Isaac-- [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:11[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]for being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of Him that calleth, [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:12[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]it was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger. [/FONT]
The context here is the adversarial nations these men fathered (a conflict which impacts us even today), for Esau never personally served his brother. If Paul was speaking of the men themselves, the prophecy is false and Paul was not correct. But as a ex-pharisee, Paul knew better.
[FONT="]<sup>[FONT="]9:13 [/FONT]</sup>Even as it is written, Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.
[/FONT]
[FONT="][FONT="] Here anticipating another false objection a self-righteous Jew was sure to raise...[/FONT] [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:14[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:15[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For He saith to Moses, [/FONT][FONT="]
[/FONT]
Now Paul begins to shift to other examples of God’s sovereign use of nations.
<sup>[FONT="]9:16</sup>So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that hath mercy.
Esau came to claim his father’s blessing and ran to help secure it (by fetching food), then bawled and begged his father to change his mind re: Jacob, but it made no difference. In the purposes of God, the people Esau would father in his rejection were necessary. Esau, at least, attempted to repent. Israel did not; they didn't see the need. Instead they were seeking righteousness by faithless works of the Law (Rom 9:32).
But did Paul make either Jacob’s or Esau’s soul salvation in Christ the issue here?
[/FONT]NO.
<sup>[FONT="]9:17[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh,[/FONT][FONT="]
[/FONT]
<sup>[FONT="]9:18[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]So then He hath mercy on whom He will, and whom He will be hardeneth.[/FONT]
[FONT="]
God offered mercy to Pharaoh by giving him repeated opportunities to obey. When he refused and hardened himself against God, God hardened him even more to make an example of Egypt for all time.[/FONT]
But did Paul make Pharaoh’s soul salvation the issue here?
Again, NO.
<sup>[FONT="]9:19[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth He still find fault? For who withstandeth His will?[/FONT]
[FONT="]
This is Paul anticipating the dishonest objection of a self-righteous Jew (“O man,” Romans 2:1) who now sees Paul’s point: just as God justifiably made examples of faithless Esau, who contemptuously sold his birthright for stew, and unrepentant Pharaoh, who hardened himself against God before God did so, Israel nationally was now coming under impending judgment for rejecting Christ, as the sign of tongues was warning them on top of the warnings they’d received from Peter and Stephen.[/FONT]
<sup>[FONT="]9:20[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why didst thou make me thus?[/FONT]
God NOWHERE says this of individuals because NOWHERE does Paul say God makes any individual reject Him, as Reformed theology asserts or implies (depending on which Calvinist you ask). But He has and will again do so with nations. To extend that to individuals is a denial of the Gospel of the grace of God and makes Him a liar. Hence the blasphemy inherent in TULIP.
<sup>[FONT="]9:21[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]Or hath not the potter a right over the clay, from the same lump to make one part a vessel unto honor, and another unto dishonor?[/FONT]
Absolutely He does! And the vessels Paul has been speaking of are nations.
<sup>[FONT="]9:22[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]What if God, willing to show His wrath, and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering vessels of wrath fitted unto destruction: [/FONT]
God extended more than one chance for Pharaoh to repent. And He was being more than patient with stiffnecked Israel.
<sup>[FONT="]9:23[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]and that He might make known the riches of His glory upon vessels of mercy, which He afore prepared unto glory,
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:24[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]us, whom he also called, not from the Jews only, but also from the Gentiles? [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:25[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]As He saith also in Hosea, [/FONT]
<sup>[FONT="]9:30[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who followed not after righteousness, attained to righteousness, the righteousness which is of faith: [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:31[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]but Israel, following after a law of righteousness did not arrive at law.[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:32[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]Why? Because not by faith but, as it were, by works. [/FONT]
Precisely where Israel failed nationally, and the whole point of this chapter.
[FONT="]They stumbled at the stone of stumbling; [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:33[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]even as it is written, [/FONT]
10:2[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For I bear them witness that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge.
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]10:3[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For being ignorant of God's righteousness, and seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God.[/FONT]
Paul desires to see ISRAEL saved but boils it down so there's no mistake and no further possible argument: Where exactly did Israel fail? Answer: They refused to repent nationally. They’d been called to do so by Peter, they were indicted by Stephen, and were now being provoked to jealousy by saved Gentiles, but it wasn't working. We, looking back, NOW know Israel, nationally, never repented, but that had not yet happened as Paul wrote this. At the point he wrote Romans, he still held out hope for the nation that God's signs and wonders through Gentile "dogs" would provoke them to believe. But they didn't. Thus the door closed in Acts 28. That is why we see no references to Israel being dealt with or even acknowledged as Israel in Paul’s later epistles.
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In Romans 9, is Paul speaking of a temporal, national election, or his he speaking of an eternal, personal election unto salvation?
Mods, please pardon my posting the whole chapter but it's necessary to answer his question.
I want to state up front that if Romans 9 can be made to support the assumptions of reformed theology, which are stated quite clearly in Orr's question, then there are two places above all in this chapter where we should see that stated by Paul: in the cases of the men he mentions by name. It's not enough to assume that's what was in Paul's mind, as the reformed do. Let us see if Paul actually SAID so, or if he did not... |
<sup>[FONT="]9:1[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience bearing witness with me in the Holy Spirit, [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:2[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]that I have great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart.
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:3[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For I could wish that I myself were anathema from Christ for my brethren's sake, my kinsmen according to the flesh: [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:4[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]who are Israelites; whose is the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service, and the promises; [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:5[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]whose are the fathers, and of whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen. [/FONT]
Paul, as a Jew, is here speaking of Jews as a whole. He longs to see them all come to Christ, as they must do individually if they’re to do it at all, but he’s laying the groundwork for why Israel as a whole was even then being set aside in blind unbelief, as that’s the question (which Paul anticipates) any Jew was bound to ask.
<sup>[FONT="]9:6[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]But not as though the word of God hath come to naught. For they are not all Israel, that are of Israel:
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:7[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]neither, because they are Abraham's seed, are they all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:8[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]That is, it is not the children of the flesh that are children of God; but the children of the promise are reckoned for a seed. [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:9[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For this is a word of promise, According to this season will I come, and Sarah shall have a son. [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:10[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]And not only so; but Rebecca also having conceived by one, by our father Isaac-- [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:11[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]for being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of Him that calleth, [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:12[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]it was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger. [/FONT]
The context here is the adversarial nations these men fathered (a conflict which impacts us even today), for Esau never personally served his brother. If Paul was speaking of the men themselves, the prophecy is false and Paul was not correct. But as a ex-pharisee, Paul knew better.
[FONT="]<sup>[FONT="]9:13 [/FONT]</sup>Even as it is written, Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.
[/FONT]
[FONT="][FONT="] Here anticipating another false objection a self-righteous Jew was sure to raise...[/FONT] [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:14[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? God forbid.
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:15[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For He saith to Moses, [/FONT][FONT="]
[/FONT]
I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.
God's mercy as found in the Gospel is to ALL, without distinction or exception (Calvinism notwithstanding). But that is not Paul's point here.
Now Paul begins to shift to other examples of God’s sovereign use of nations.
<sup>[FONT="]9:16</sup>So then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that hath mercy.
Esau came to claim his father’s blessing and ran to help secure it (by fetching food), then bawled and begged his father to change his mind re: Jacob, but it made no difference. In the purposes of God, the people Esau would father in his rejection were necessary. Esau, at least, attempted to repent. Israel did not; they didn't see the need. Instead they were seeking righteousness by faithless works of the Law (Rom 9:32).
But did Paul make either Jacob’s or Esau’s soul salvation in Christ the issue here?
[/FONT]NO.
<sup>[FONT="]9:17[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh,[/FONT][FONT="]
[/FONT]
[FONT="] For this very purpose did I raise thee up, that I might show in thee my power, and that my name might be published abroad in all the earth. [/FONT]
Pharaoh represented all of Egypt. His refusal to obey -- remember, he hardened himself before God did -- and possibly God literally "raising him up" [healing him from the plagues] sealed the fate and made an example of the whole nation.
<sup>[FONT="]9:18[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]So then He hath mercy on whom He will, and whom He will be hardeneth.[/FONT]
[FONT="]
God offered mercy to Pharaoh by giving him repeated opportunities to obey. When he refused and hardened himself against God, God hardened him even more to make an example of Egypt for all time.[/FONT]
But did Paul make Pharaoh’s soul salvation the issue here?
Again, NO.
<sup>[FONT="]9:19[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth He still find fault? For who withstandeth His will?[/FONT]
[FONT="]
This is Paul anticipating the dishonest objection of a self-righteous Jew (“O man,” Romans 2:1) who now sees Paul’s point: just as God justifiably made examples of faithless Esau, who contemptuously sold his birthright for stew, and unrepentant Pharaoh, who hardened himself against God before God did so, Israel nationally was now coming under impending judgment for rejecting Christ, as the sign of tongues was warning them on top of the warnings they’d received from Peter and Stephen.[/FONT]
<sup>[FONT="]9:20[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why didst thou make me thus?[/FONT]
God NOWHERE says this of individuals because NOWHERE does Paul say God makes any individual reject Him, as Reformed theology asserts or implies (depending on which Calvinist you ask). But He has and will again do so with nations. To extend that to individuals is a denial of the Gospel of the grace of God and makes Him a liar. Hence the blasphemy inherent in TULIP.
<sup>[FONT="]9:21[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]Or hath not the potter a right over the clay, from the same lump to make one part a vessel unto honor, and another unto dishonor?[/FONT]
Absolutely He does! And the vessels Paul has been speaking of are nations.
<sup>[FONT="]9:22[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]What if God, willing to show His wrath, and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering vessels of wrath fitted unto destruction: [/FONT]
God extended more than one chance for Pharaoh to repent. And He was being more than patient with stiffnecked Israel.
<sup>[FONT="]9:23[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]and that He might make known the riches of His glory upon vessels of mercy, which He afore prepared unto glory,
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:24[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]us, whom he also called, not from the Jews only, but also from the Gentiles? [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:25[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]As He saith also in Hosea, [/FONT]
[FONT="] I will call that my people, which was not my people; [/FONT]
And her beloved, that was not beloved. <sup>[FONT="]
9:26[/FONT]</sup>And it shall be, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not My people, there shall they be called sons of the living God.
<sup>[FONT="]9:27[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]And Isaiah crieth concerning Israel, [/FONT]And her beloved, that was not beloved. <sup>[FONT="]
9:26[/FONT]</sup>And it shall be, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not My people, there shall they be called sons of the living God.
[FONT="]If the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, it is the remnant that shall be saved:
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:28[/FONT]</sup>for the Lord will execute His word upon the earth, finishing it and cutting it short.
<sup>[FONT="]9:29[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]And, as Isaiah hath said before, [/FONT][/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]9:28[/FONT]</sup>for the Lord will execute His word upon the earth, finishing it and cutting it short.
[FONT="] Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, [/FONT]
We had become as Sodom, and had been made like unto Gomorrah.
Recall Matthew 11:24.We had become as Sodom, and had been made like unto Gomorrah.
<sup>[FONT="]9:30[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who followed not after righteousness, attained to righteousness, the righteousness which is of faith: [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:31[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]but Israel, following after a law of righteousness did not arrive at law.[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:32[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]Why? Because not by faith but, as it were, by works. [/FONT]
Precisely where Israel failed nationally, and the whole point of this chapter.
[FONT="]They stumbled at the stone of stumbling; [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]
9:33[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]even as it is written, [/FONT]
[FONT="] Behold, I lay in Zion a Stone of stumbling and a Rock of offence: [/FONT]
And he that believeth on Him shall not be put to shame.
<sup>[FONT="]10:1[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]Brethren, my heart's desire and my supplication to God is for them, that they may be saved. [/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]And he that believeth on Him shall not be put to shame.
10:2[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For I bear them witness that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge.
[/FONT]<sup>[FONT="]10:3[/FONT]</sup>[FONT="]For being ignorant of God's righteousness, and seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God.[/FONT]
Paul desires to see ISRAEL saved but boils it down so there's no mistake and no further possible argument: Where exactly did Israel fail? Answer: They refused to repent nationally. They’d been called to do so by Peter, they were indicted by Stephen, and were now being provoked to jealousy by saved Gentiles, but it wasn't working. We, looking back, NOW know Israel, nationally, never repented, but that had not yet happened as Paul wrote this. At the point he wrote Romans, he still held out hope for the nation that God's signs and wonders through Gentile "dogs" would provoke them to believe. But they didn't. Thus the door closed in Acts 28. That is why we see no references to Israel being dealt with or even acknowledged as Israel in Paul’s later epistles.
Conclusion
The context of Romans 9 is God’s dealing with and sovereign using nations, not the salvation from sin of individuals (or damnation of individuals) on the basis of what they do with the Gospel, much less on the basis of the Calvinistic gnosticistic concept of individual election/reprobation. To read such into this chapter is exactly that: the polite word for it is eisegesis. 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