Yes, of course we are.
We are encased in the atmosphere just as you'd be encased in water if you were submerged in a traveling swimming pool.
You think there ought to be some sort of space wind where the Earth would experience some sort of frictional force that would leave the atmosphere behind.
This thinking is question begging. It presumes the truth of your position in order to argue for it.
If the Earth is traveling through a vacuum then there would be no frictional force to remove the atmosphere which is held to the surface by the same force that holds you to the surface.
And, in actual fact, there is a slight frictional force that would indeed strip the Earth of it's atmosphere if not for the fact that the Earth has a magnetic field that protects it from the solar wind. In this sense it is accurate to say that we are encased in a magnetic field as we travel through the solar system. The Sun itself also has a magnetic field that also has a protective effect as the solar system moves through the galaxy.
In any case, we are, in fact, inside the Earth (which includes the atmosphere). Indeed, we were formed from and remain a part of it.
It is also the reason why it is entirely accurate to state the the Sun stood still.
No, on the contrary, it is careful observations of the Sun's position relative to other objects in the sky that does tell us that the Earth is spinning and is in orbit around the Sun. It is only the general experience that fails to inform such a conclusion. In other words, the fact that the Earth is spinning on it's axis and is in orbit around the Sun is not intuitive but is evident if one looks closely enough, which a great many brilliant minds have done and which you dismiss without cause.
What you are doing is the opposite of science. Instead of doing experiments with careful and detailed observation to collect data that either confirms or contradicts a theory, you are rejecting a theory on the basis of a lack of careful observation. You think that because the spin of the Earth isn't obvious to anyone who happens to be outside, that it is therefore false. That is literally the opposite of science.
Clete
Being on top of the earth is not like being in water either, another false analogy.
Neither the air, the atmosphere, nor gravity effects the movement of anything through it. Only if the earth had a "solid" ceiling above and around it would we have a equivalent analogy that being on earth is like being in a plane or in a car. But we can't have this ceiling effect and still go to the moon.
The spinning solid globe earth would cut through a atmosphere of gases just as we do and everything else that moves through it, and being on top of the earth would be like being on top of a moving car or plane and not like being in them.
"Scientists knew a lot about waves. ... They gave it a name: luminiferous ether, which means "the stuff which carries light waves." As the Earth orbits around the Sun, it must run through the ether. That will cause an "ether wind" near the Earth's surface, blowing in the direction opposite to the Earth's motion."--Wiki
The ether wind is not moving through space, the earth's movement through space causes a wind and direction through it. That's why no wind means no movement for earth. The wind effect is caused by the moving earth, everybody I quoted got the connection right. Those who opposed the appropriate conclusion made a false distinction that the movement of the earth and the ether wind were not connected, they deny the ether wind is caused by the moving earth.
Flat earth argues it can also account for the movement of sun, moon, and stars and the Copernican model is not the only way to interpret the universe.
--Dave
