Altered gene vaccines are relatively new, have not been proven over time, and are still not approved by government health agencies as safe and effective for long periods of time.Gene-altering vaccines?
Development of COVID-19 vaccines utilizing gene therapy technology
The development of COVID-19 vaccines
academic.oup.com
Although these vaccines are highly effective in preventing COVID-19 for a short period, safety and efficiency evaluations should be continuously monitored over a long time period. ...
Nucleic acid vaccines
Vaccines using virus DNA or RNA are included in this group. On the basis of genomic information, DNA or RNA of the coronavirus gene or a modified gene is delivered into the cells in the body to provoke an immune response. These types of vaccines can be easily developed to use only genetic material, not viruses, and potentially activate cellular immunity as well as humoral immunity. However, one of the problems to overcome for clinical development is the low transfection efficiency of nucleic acids in the body. ...
In the history of DNA vaccines, the first clinical trial was started in the 1990s and more than a hundred clinical trials that focus on DNA vaccination have been registered. There are no approved DNA vaccines for use in humans up to now.