The bible is history. Are you suggesting that Paul was lying then when he stated explicitly that the Twelve agreed that Paul should go to the Gentiles and they to Israel (the Circumcision)? Should we rip Galatians out of our bibles?
I have no problem with this. Peter started the Gentile outreach in Acts 10, and we don't know how much preaching to the Gentiles happened between Acts 10 & Acts 15 where the Apostles agreed that Paul should head up the Gentile outreach.
Galatians 2:7 But on the contrary, when they saw that the gospel for the uncircumcised had been committed to me, as the gospel for the circumcised was to Peter 8 (for He who worked effectively in Peter for the apostleship to the circumcised also worked effectively in me toward the Gentiles), 9 and when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that had been given to me, they gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised.
Notice that all I'm hitting you with here is the plain reading of the text of scripture.
Again, in the passage, the prepositional phrases "for the circumcised" and "for the uncircumcised" describe the same subject noun, the gospel. You look at it and see two different gospels. I look at it and see the same gospel, but an outreach that is focused two different directions. Like a local pastor and a missionary, each preaching the same gospel, but focused on a different audience. There is no way that that we can prove either way (although an English teacher would probably tell you the grammatical structure favors my interpretation). The only way to tell really is to examine the messages preached by both. You see inconsistencies when you look, I see one only complete harmonious gospel in their teachings. Even James' "Faith without works is dead" was referring to the "royal law" of love, and Paul said that his faith "worketh by love". There is no contradiction in their teachings at all that I can see. Both worked by love.
Philip, Apollos and the others you listed here were not Apostles, they were all taught what to preach by Apostles, only twelve of which were given the Great Commission and only one of which was given a gospel to preach by direct divine inspiration.
Actually Apollos was taught by Priscilla and Aquila, who were taught by Paul. I call Jesus' training of the 12 Apostles, some 240,000 man-hours of it, "divine inspiration". Paul's gospel, according to him, was the exact same as Peter's when they met in Acts 15. He said that the 12 "in conference added nothing to me".
That isn't what the text says. James is the one who stated explicitly in Acts 20 that ALL of his followers were zealous for the Law.
Paul had no problem with that. He had a problem with
requiring it of people. If Jews today want to keep parts of the law in honor of their heritage it isn't a problem, as long as they don't do it thinking they will earn something for their salvation, and as long as they don't try to require other to do it. Paul said one keeps Jewish feasts and dietary laws, and another doesn't. He said that was fine as long as they didn't judge each other. You will find where Paul and the other Apostles allowed Jewish disciples to keep on keeping the law, but never one place that I know of where one of them taught it to Jews or Gentiles after receiving the Holy Ghost.
Paul is teaching here that unbelievers aren't going to be saved, although I understand your misunderstanding of the passage. This point touches the boundary past which a discussion of this kind cannot proceed. The problem is one of paradigm, not intellectual honesty or intelligence. You are essentially 'begging the question' with this point. I say that because the argument you are making is valid only from within your own theological paradigm but the validity of your theological paradigm is what you are trying to prove and thus the argument is invalid. The problem is that since the error is on the paradigm level it means that you cannot see it and I have no way to make you see it without causing you to look at it from my paradigm which you won't do without being convinced that it's valid which cannot be done by going down this road. It is a true dead end because I can clearly see that passage from your paradigm because I used to hold your paradigm and can, therefore, know that there is NO convincing you that you aren't seeing that passage correctly.
I'll toss one pebble into the pond concerning this point and see what sort of ripples it makes...
In the bible, there are Paul's epistles and then there's the whole rest of the bible. The only reason you believe that works have nothing to do with salvation is because of Paul. If Paul's epistles weren't in the New Testament, you would be observing the Sabbath, circumcising your male children on the eighth day of their lives and all the other things that the Law requires minus the sacrificial aspects which the author of Hebrews teaches is no longer to be observed. Without Paul, you would effectively be a Messianic Jew. What you do, whether you realize it or not, is that you take Paul basically at face value and you interpret the rest of scripture in light of his teachings.
The problem is that there are other Christians who do the reverse. Catholics, The Church of Christ, Messianic Jews and many others believe strongly that certain works are required for salvation. I went to a church as a child that believed that water baptism was required, for example. To one degree or another, what these believers do is just the opposite of what you do. They take the whole bible as face value and interpret Paul's epistle in such as way as to make them agree, which, interestingly, is precisely what you've done with that 1 Corinthians passage.
So who has the stronger argument? Is it the Baptists and other like them that take Paul's tiny portion of the bible and interpret the whole rest of scripture in its light or is the Church of Christ who does the exact opposite? Well, if those were the only two alternatives, there's no question that the latter is the stronger position to take.
Fortunately, there is a third alternative. The other two alternatives make a common assumption, that Paul epistles are aimed at the same group of people that the rest of the bible is aimed at, namely believers. Dispensationalism teaches that there is more than one group of believers, that the Body of Christ is a separate group from Israel, that those saved by grace alone are not the same as those saved under the dispensation of Law. Mid-Acts Dispensationalism goes one step further than this and teaches that the Body of Christ began with Paul's conversion on the road to Damascus in Acts 9. This distinction may seem a minor point but it happens to touch nearly every area of doctrine that you can think of and more importantly, it resolves countless doctrinal debates that have existed in the church for millenia and at the same time allows one to take every biblical author at face value rather than having to interpret one set in light of the other.
In fact, that single point is one of the very strongest arguments for its validity. The Baptists take Paul at face value and interpret the rest of the New Testament in light of his teaching. The Church of Christ takes the Gospels and the whole of the Bible really at face value and interprets Paul in that light. I take the whole entire thing at face value and make no attempt to make Jesus' or James' teachings agree with Paul's beyond what the plain reading of the text states. Of course, there are passages that are more difficult than others but on the whole, I totally take the bible to mean precisely what it says. And so when Jesus teaches that spiritual blessings are conditional (e.g. if you're meek, you'll inherit the Earth) then that doesn't cause me any doctrinal hot flashes because I understand who Jesus was talking to and why (i.e. the context). Same thing when James says as plain as day that works are required for salvation. He says that because it was true for those to whom he wrote the book (to the Jews, scattered abroad).
This idea that the Body of Christ began with Paul and that Paul was the singular apostle to the Body of Christ resolves not just the issue of whether works are required for salvation but all sort of issues like whether you can lose your salvation, is water baptism required, will there be a rapture and if so when will it occur relative to the Tribulation, should miracles be expected today, should we observe the sabbath, should we tithe, should we follow the Ten Commandments, should we be speaking in tongues and many other seemingly unrelated doctrinal issues.
Further, this single idea that the Body of Christ began in Act 9 answers several questions that most Christians cannot answer with any coherence.
Why did the twelve and their converts live in a commune? (Acts 3)
Nothing ever was taught requiring that, but they did it. Peter was clear that it was completely voluntary.
Why were James' converts "zealous for the law"? (Acts 20)
They had always done the law, and it would have been a huge shock (and wrong) to force them to start eating pork, not observing the literal Sabbath, etc. But it also was never allowed for them to teach that it had to be kept.
What is the meaning of the parable of the fig tree? (Matt. 24)
Luke 21 adds some valuable insight, when he inserts a "time of the Gentiles" between the fall of Jerusalem and the return of Jesus. You really have to take both accounts of this and put them together. Jesus never gave anything here as a conditional promise. If He would have been saying that he was coming back after the destruction of Jerusalem, but that it was conditional to the response of the Jewish nation, He would have said so. The Jewish nation had already refused him, so that is why the destruction was being foretold. Jesus told them that all nations would hate them for His name's sake, including Jerusalem.
Why was Israel cut off? (Romans 9)
Because as a nation they rejected Jesus. He cut them off during His ministry. Read Matthew 23:37, where He said essentially "you are now cut off as a nation, and the only way you will see Me in a salvific role from this time forward is to see "Me" in those I send".
Why did the Twelve disengage themselves from the Great Commission? (Galatians 2)
They didn't. They were called to get the Gospel out. That could be personally or by delegation. For that particular time they delegated the oversight of that to Paul (or rather agreed with the Holy Ghost's anointing him for that purpose). History tells us they later went to many different nations personally. We can disbelieve history, which I am fine with, but you can't prove that they didn't.
Why does the book or Revelation speak of only twelve apostles instead of thirteen? (Revelation 21)
There were actually other "Apostles", such as Barnabus. The names on the new Jerusalem were the 12 that had a special, appointed place by Jesus. Judas fell, and they appointed another who had been with them all the way through Jesus' ministry. Those 12 names are the foundation of New Jerusalem, underscoring their utmost authority. That is why Paul said that he knew his race would have been run in vain if his revelation didn't match perfectly with the Apostles (which he testified did match completely)
Why does Paul repeatedly refer to the gospel as "my gospel"?
Not because it was different, but because He did receive it directly from God. But again, he said that it matched perfectly with the one given to the Apostles by Jesus (in conference they added nothing to me)
Why did Paul have to explain the gospel he preached to the Twelve at the Jerusalem council? (Gal. 2 & Acts 15)
Because they had the ultimate authority, and some converted Pharisees were stirring up trouble. Peter said that God had first used him to preach "purification by faith" to the Gentiles, and reminded them that Paul's message was exactly in line with what he had first preached to the Gentiles.
Why did Peter state that some of the thing Paul teaches are "hard to understand"? (2 Peter 3:16)
Etc.
Paul is very deep in his knowledge and theology at times. He was much more educated than Peter. Even educated people still have a hard time fully understanding Paul (do you understand the third heaven, and him referring to a "man he knew"?). The problem is when anyone "wrests" Paul's words to put them at odds with Peter's or James'. Again, people say James and Paul disagree on works, but they both taught that faith had to work by love.
All answered by accepting one single premise. That the Body of Christ began with Paul's conversion in Acts 9 rather than in Acts 2 or earlier. Is it possible to have a stronger argument than that? I mean if ever there was an elegant piece of doctrine this has got to be it! Old Bill Ockham would be proud!
Anyway, that was a bit more than a pebble thrown in the pond but I couldn't help myself. Hopefully, this illustrates to some degree the magnitude of the disconnect between our two doctrinal paradigms and that I'm not just blowing smoke because I don't wish to respond to what surely seems to you to be a valid argument.
Resting in Him,
Clete