Yeah, it was a Gish Gallop. Many of the questions you posed are currently unanswerable in specific. But therefore the Christian deity is not an appropriate answer.
No science that I am aware of is useful in developing any theology.
If God is not an appropriate answer, then neither is dismissing the notion of a God. And science is not intended to develop theology, however, atheists love to use it as "evidence" against religions.
Science is "the systematic observation of the physical and natural world." By the rules of science, if a scenario cannot be successfully reproduced, it is not fact or law. (abiogenesis and the big bang go against this) Logically, all events must have a cause or reason. So why would the Big Bang occur? What reason or cause was behind it? What cause or reason was there to create a human genome? No such reasons or causes can be explained by science.
Carl Sagan said. "We should follow the truth, wherever it leads. But to find it we need imagination and skepticism both." This is a statement that I have adopted as my own. I love this statement.
Sir John Huxley said, "Evolution is no longer a theory, but a fact."
Sagan again, "Evolution is a fact amply demonstrated by the fossil record. Natural selection is a successful theory."
These are pretty bold statements, are they not? But are they supported by logic and science?
Darwin’s Rules and Exemptions:
“If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would break down.”
“The number of intermediate varieties, which have formerly existed on the earth, must be truly enormous. Why then is not every geological formation, and every stratum full of such intermediates and links? Geological assuredly does not reveal any such finely graded organic chain; and this perhaps, is the most obvious and gravest objection which can be urged against my theory.”
“If you don’t have an imperfect geological record, you can reject my whole theory.”
All of these are evidenced, so by Darwin's own fundamentals, evolution as a theory should be rejected and disproved.
The Contradicting Statements:
Richard Dawkins and Crick said “despite looking designed, it isn’t. It evolved.” (when discussing DNA)
Crick also stated, “It would have to be a miracle for conditions to start life.” He then proposed the Theory of Directed Panspermia: 1st living cell must have been transported to earth from some other planet outside our solar system.
Charles Darwin said “The thought of the eye made me cold all over….the sight of a feather in a peacock’s tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick.” (from a letter to Asa Gray, dated 4-3-1860) “Small matters of particulars of a structure make me uncomfortable.”
George Wald said “Most modern biologists, having reviewed with satisfaction the downfall of the spontaneous generation hypothesis, yet unwilling to accept the alternative belief in special creation, are left with nothing….a scientist has no choice but to approach the origin of life through the hypothesis of spontaneous generation.”
George Wald again, “One has only to contemplate the magnitude of this task to concede that spontaneous generation is impossible. Yet, here we are as a result. I believe in spontaneous generation.”
*Note all the hypocritical and illogical acceptance of theories and ideas, despite “following the truth, wherever it leads.” If the truth leads, as it inevitable does, to God, then ignorance is preferred and logic/reason are rejected.
Scientists Who Reject (and are disliked by atheists):
Dr. Berlinski of the Discovery Institute says, “Many mathematicians, physicists, and myself see the holes in evolution and consider it a disproven theory.”
William Paley wrote the Watchmaker Analogy, as well as, Natural Theology. (this is often rejected by atheists and proponents of evolution/abiogenesis due to basic logical implications)
Dr. Kenyan, who wrote Theory of Chemical Evolution, threw it out when he saw the activity within the cell (organelles and functions).
Let us examine the honest evidence. The evolutionary trees and webs that adorn textbooks have data only at tips and nodes of their branches. The rest is all “inference.” This is not evidence found in or of the fossils. (Stephen Jay Gould supports this statement, as one of his own quotes makes the same declaration)
The finch beaks so often depicting evolution are also inaccurate. Dr. Jonathan Wells (Ph.D. Molecular and Cellular Biology, U of California, Berkley) says that the “beak size oscillates with cycles and seasons.” It is not a product of evolution, rather a temporary adaptation per generation, dependent on seasons. Dr. David Raup says “we now have ¼ of a million fossil species. The record of evolution is jerky and ironically, we have even fewer examples of evolutionary examples than in Darwin’s propositions.”
Simple computations for the number of genetic alterations that must occur for the transition of a water species to an aerobic land species is well over 150,000. This is just genetic alterations, not even physical alterations. Such alterations, not even considering trial-error methods, would take longer than the existence of the earth to produce. This is for a simple transition. Dr. Berlinski would add, “a modest number of changes equal 50,000. That is morphological changes, to go from land back to sea.” He goes on to say, “There is no answer for these changes ever occurring. Why are these intermediates not found?” Notice Berlinski is talking about morphological changes, not even genealogical.
Conclusion: Scientists who accept evolution and abiogenesis are forced to contradict science and logic, in order to accept these theories. Darwin's outlines are grounds for rejecting his own theories. Basic mathematics demonstrate that abiogenesis and evolution are impossible. Physics and chemistry also demonstrate an overwhelming complication for abiogenesis and evolution, due to complex systems requiring near perfect variables; the altering of which causes entire systems to fail back to zero, thus negating trial-error methods producing modern day taxonomies. Science itself, by its own definition and logic,
should reject evolution and abiogenesis.
I personally think we should still teach evolution, due to the fact that out of arrogance, our taxonomy system is entirely based upon the conclusions put forth by the theory. This is why we should never assume any theory to be instantly true (like geocentric theory, look what a mess that caused). We should follow the truth, where ever it leads.