Well considering one of Job's 'friends' is Eliphaz the 1st born son of Esau and we know Eliphaz is an old man at the time it is pretty conclusive when the time period is. It specifically calls Eliphaz the Temenite. Temen was the eldest son of Esau and the father lived with his eldest son in old age. That is why the eldest was given the double portion of inheritance. They often named the cities after that eldest son. So Eliphaz from the city of Temen is the son of Esau.
Btw, all 3 of Job's friends are pagans that followed different gods. Eliphaz was a sun god worshiper.
The Book of Job is often considered one of the oldest texts in biblical literature, likely predating the works of Moses and even the formation of Israelite traditions. Some suggest Job lived during the time of Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob, pointing to connections like Eliphaz, the Temanite, possibly being Esau’s son. While that’s an interesting idea, it’s still speculative. When you look at the language of Job, with its very archaic Hebrew and rare expressions, it feels like it comes from a much earlier period. Plus, there’s no mention of the Mosaic Law, the Tabernacle, or anything specific to Israelite customs, which strongly suggests a pre-Mosaic timeframe. Even ancient traditions, like those found in the Septuagint and rabbinic writings, often place Job in the patriarchal era or earlier. Job’s wealth being measured in livestock, his role as a priest for his family, and the setting in Uz, outside of Israel, all add to the idea of its great antiquity.
I definitely understand and respect the view that places Job in the time of the patriarchs—there are some solid arguments for that. But my research has led me in a slightly different direction. To me, the themes and linguistic evidence in Job suggest it could be from an even older time, making it not just ancient but a truly foundational exploration of human suffering and divine justice, rooted in a context that predates even Abraham. It’s fascinating how this timeless story continues to spark different perspectives!