There is also a third option, for those obedient Christians who will still be alive at Jesus Christ's future, Second Coming:
For:
1 Corinthians 15:51 ¶Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep [die], but we shall all be changed,
52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised [resurrected] incorruptible, and we [living] shall be changed.
53 For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.
1 Thessalonians 4:15 For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent [precede] them which are asleep [dead].
16 For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise [resurrect] first:
17 Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them [the resurrected dead] in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord.
The new heaven and earth refers to the mortal kingdom of God on earth or the restitution of all things. New Jerusalem which comes down from heaven is the immortal or invisible kingdom of God which consists of those who had met the Lord in the air or been raptured.
In order for the rapture to be true then there must necessarily be some living faithful mortal ones left who had not been changed in the twinkling of an eye. Or that Christ's coming with his saints is a twofold coming whereby time is given for the allowance of faithful mortal ones to develop who will constitute the new heavens and earth whereby the kingdom of God is restored.