The argument of the moving car and flying plane as an example of why nothing flies of the face of the spinning ball earth traveling through space does not "prove" the earth is a spinning ball traveling through space. It's a classic circular argument. A spinning earth/atmosphere is NOT like a moving car or flying plane anyway. These analogies are used only to explain a model, they do NOT prove the model.
No one has suggested that an analogy proves anything.
It doesn't change the fact that the analogy is perfect.
This argument also presumes that the atmosphere has a solid shell surrounding it.
No, it doesn't. I've already directly addressed this.
The car and plane have solid shells that can contain gases, liquids, and other smaller solids. The atmosphere is made up of gases, vapors etc. and has no solid cover or shell to contain it. Only if the atmosphere had an impenetrable shell surrounding it could it be compared to a moving car or flying plane. The flat earth model does have such a shell as part of its structure.
The mechanism holding the atmosphere to the Earth is the exact same mechanism that is holding you to the Earth. GRAVITY
The fact that the mechanism holding the air inside your car is different is not relevant to the principles that we have been discussing.
The definition of the Coriolis effect exists just as I have quoted it.
No, it doesn't, Dave. The website you cited isn't just wrong, it's lying - intentionally.
I happen to have been doing some additional reading on this exact topic and it turns out that the Coriolis effect has two factors. I was under the impression that it was just the single issue of angular momentum but there is a second factor that contributes to the effect and that is the fact the since the circumference of the Earth is largest at the equator, the Earth is, therefore, moving faster at the equator than it is further North (or South) because a point at the equator has to move further to make one revolution around the Earth's axis. An object moving away from the equator through the atmosphere that doesn't compensate for this force vector will find itself moving ahead of its target in the direction of Earth's spin. Interesting stuff, if you bother to actually find out what the Coriolis effect actually is.
There is another effect that PROVES the Earth is spinning!
It's called the Eötvös effect. It is the change in perceived gravitational force caused by the change in centrifugal acceleration resulting from eastbound or westbound velocity.
There's is NO getting around either one of these effects. Not only do both of these effects behave PRECISELY as expected to presume a spinning globe, but there is no other possible explanation for them. There is no rational explanation for them whatsoever if the Earth is flat - period.
Toys spinning on tables and water whirling in a tub as it goes down the drain don't prove the earth is rotating as it travels around the sun within a galaxy hurling through infinite space. Whirling water and spinning toys can have the same effect on a flat earth and again, are not proofs.
This is just flatly wrong, Dave. If the Earth was not spinning on its axis, water would not tend to spin down a drain in one direction for the northern hemisphere and in the opposite for the southern hemisphere. If the water tended to spin at all, the effect would be either random (spinning in one direction or the other 50% of the time) or it would spin in the same direction in both hemispheres. The fact that it does what it actually does do, is PROOF that we are on a spinning ball. There is no rationally possible explanation if the Earth is flat.
Experiments were conducted, as already shown, in order to see how fast the earth moved through space/ether, and the experiment revealed the earth to be stationary.
"Ether or aether, in physics and astronomy, a hypothetical medium for transmitting light and heat (radiation), filling all unoccupied space; it is also called luminiferous ether. In Newtonian physics all waves are propagated through a medium, e.g., water waves through water, sound waves through air. When James Clerk Maxwell developed his electromagnetic theory of light, Newtonian physicists postulated ether as the medium that transmitted electromagnetic waves. Ether was held to be invisible, without odor, and of such a nature that it did not interfere with the motions of bodies through space. The concept was intended to connect the Newtonian mechanistic wave theory with Maxwell's field theory. However, all attempts to demonstrate its existence, most notably the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887, produced negative results and stimulated a vigorous debate among physicists that was not ended until the special theory of relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905, became accepted. The theory of relativity eliminated the need for a light-transmitting medium, so that today the term ether is used only in a historical context."
Unbelievable.
Think of what you are suggesting, Dave.
If the aether exists and we are perfectly stationary in it then the ENTIRE UNIVERSE revolves around the Earth once a day. And not only does it do that but it does it in just such a way that it looks exactly like it would if we were moving around the Sun in an elliptical orbit just as are all of the other non-stationary objects in the solar system. Additionally, since the Sun does not appear in the same constellation throughout the year, in addition to its once-a-day orbit around the Earth, it would have to migrate in one additional circle relative to the background stars each year, in order to explain why the visible constellations vary throughout the seasons.
Further, the Sun angle in the sky changes throughout the year so, in addition to its once-a-day journey around the Earth, it needs to change its location relative to the celestial sphere by a whopping 47 degrees every six months. Why the Sun moves in this path so slowly relative to the celestial sphere but so quickly relative to Earth cannot be explained if the world is flat and stationary.
Further still, the moon also migrates in the sky relative to the celestial sphere. If the Earth is stationary, the moon must make an extra circle relative to the celestial sphere every lunar month, and inclined at nearly the same (but not quite) the same amount relative to the celestial sphere as the Sun.
And none of that touches all the minor changes that occur over longer periods of time, like the precession of the equator which completes a cycle in a period of approximately 26,000 years, just to give one example.
Ever heard of Akham's razor?
Clete
Much of the above material was written by Ethan Siegel.
How the Earth Moves and How We Know