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The ages of patriarchs correspond with lunar cycles.

Specifically, the begatting ages and the amount of years it takes for a new moon to occur in the next zodiacal sign at the same celestial longitude.

In Luke 4:17 Jesus enters the synagogue in Nazareth and is handed the scroll of Isaiah to read from. It was not a coincidence this particular scroll was being read on that day. The Jews followed a particular system used to determine which scrolls would be read in every synagogue on the same day. Today this is known as the Triennial Cycle https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14508-triennial-cycle
The Triennial Cycle was based around festivals and sabbaths observed by the Jews, which were to be held on particular days in regards to the lunar calendar. The reason they were able to have a such a calendar is because the cycles of the moon and indeed all of the celestial objects observable from our place in the solar system are predictable. This should be no surprise to us,

Gen 1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years.

It should be mentioned here that lunar sabbaths were not concept held solely by the ancient Jews. Apparently the Assyrians and Babylonians observed weekly sabbath days. That other ancient cultures recognized similar sabbath days should, again be no surprise us. The Bible makes no claim that the ancient Hebrews were the first and only people to have a correct understanding of the creation event, nor of the God of the Bible and his Plan of the coming messiah. Quite the opposite in fact. Adam was no Hebrew, neither was Enoch nor Melchizedek. Neither were the Magi who came to honour Jesus, shortly after he was born. Neither was the Persian King Cyrus, whom the Lord referred to as His anointed one. Jesus himself marvelled at the faith gentiles had in him. So it's obvious that the gentiles had some sort of framework that helped them to accurately understand God and his plan our salvation. Paul even incorporated this very idea into his evangelism (Acts 17 22-24) and Peter seemed to expect that not all gentiles would have forgotten about the creation event (2 peter 3:5) Note: the point of a correct understanding would be ultimately be to lead people to Christ, thus this not an endorsement of paganism or false religions.
It should also be no surprise to us that the zodiac would have been of great importance to the Jews and it would have played a significant role in their culture. I think for Christians, this idea is often seen as controversial because zodiac is often associated with astrology. But what must be understood is that for Genesis 1:14 to be true, there is no other way. The zodiac goes hand in hand with having an ecliptic coordinate system and without this system there would have been no way for the ancients to determine celestial longitude. It is a system we still use today, though these specific constellations have apparently been referred to since close to the dawn of recorded human. God tells us that these are an inheritance given to everyone. (De 4:19) history. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_astrology
There is a good argument to be made (which I agree with) that the ages of the patriarchs listed in Genesis 5 represent the amount of years it would take for a new moon to occur at the same celestial location in the next zodiacal sign. https://www.academia.edu/120374289/...aeological_Zodiac_And_Its_Related_Inscription
 
I think that ancient astronomy and calendrics might have been more important than we realize. The constellations of the zodiac seem to have been known almost since the dawn of recorded human history.
 
It took me quite a while before I felt I could explain the paper accurately. I tried emailing him a couple times, but I guess he is retired. I had a prior interest in the Ein-Gedi mosaic and was already familiar with some of the ideas this paper involves when I first came across it.

The author seems to go back and forth between saying the ages were copied from older scripts and then saying the ages were updated to reflect the modern astronomical knowledge of the Greeks during the time the LXX was written. I was hoping he would answer his email to clarify this but he never did. To me, this wasn't necessarily an important point because the trend in our understanding of ancient astronomy always indicates it was more advanced than what we had originally believed. Evolutionary thought tends to paint a Eurocentric picture of scientific achievement and intellect.
 
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