Honest struggles on God’s omniscience.

way 2 go

Well-known member
No one said it was.
open theism tries to make foreknowledge a force
Then their choice could not be infallibly known by God beforehand as a settled fact before they made it.

Correct.

Which means they could not have done otherwise. And if they could not have done otherwise, then their non-repentance was not a genuine choice. It was simply them acting out a script.

You are giving them an excuse before God:

“But why am I being held accountable for not repenting if I could not have done otherwise?”

And under your doctrine, that excuse would be valid.


Correct.

That has been the argument all along.

The issue is necessity, not force.

Thus:



It is illogical to say that "their own will is the real cause of the action" if your doctrine removes the very thing that makes a will a will. Here's why:

Again, a will is the ability to choose.

If it's not free, it's not a will. Period.

If their “choice” is infallibly foreknown before they exist, then there is no genuine alternative available to them. They cannot repent without making God’s foreknowledge false.

So their so-called choice is not actually a choice. It is merely the outworking of necessity.

Either they have a will and can genuinely do otherwise, in which case their choice cannot be infallibly foreknown as settled beforehand, or their choice is infallibly foreknown as settled beforehand, in which case they cannot genuinely do otherwise.
the necessity is logical, not causal , foreknowledge is not a force

the core philosophical error is modal fallacy
God knows their choice of they did not repent they don't lack choice
choice is not eliminated by God's foreknowledge

Just because God is right does not take away the ability to repent

(Revelation of John 16:11) and they blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores; and they repented not of their works.



Revelation 4 and 9 prove prophecy.

They do not prove exhaustive foreknowledge of every future free choice.

You keep moving from “God can reveal future events” to “therefore God exhaustively foreknows every future free choice.” That does not follow.
the book of Daniel and Revelation prove infallible foreknowledge

open theist irrationally says God knows all that is knowable then deny it
God knew sodom was evil but open theist say God didn't know sodom was evil

Calling it anthropomorphic does not make it so.
Calling it anthropomorphic is biblically consistent

(I Samuel 15:11) I repent that I made Saul reign as king, for he has turned back from following Me, and he has not risen to do my words. And Samuel was angry, and he cried to Jehovah all night.
(I Samuel 15:29) And also the Glory of Israel will not lie nor repent, for He is not a man that He should repent.
Genesis 22 says God tested Abraham, Abraham obeyed, and then God said:

“Now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only son, from Me.”

Your doctrine requires “Now I know” to mean “I already eternally knew before Abraham existed.”

That is not interpretation. That is reversal.
God was not testing his own faith

(Genesis 22:1) And it happened after these things that God tested Abraham, and said to him, Abraham! And he said, Behold me.
 

JudgeRightly

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open theism tries to make foreknowledge a force

No it doesn't.

the necessity is logical, not causal ,

Yes, thats what we said to you.

Does Polly want a cracker now?

foreknowledge is not a force

Again, no one said it was.

the core philosophical error is modal fallacy
God knows their choice of they did not repent they don't lack choice

Calling it a modal fallacy does not make it one.

Which premise are you rejecting?

If God infallibly foreknew before they existed that they would not repent, could they repent?

If yes, then God's foreknowledge could be false.

If no, then they could not do otherwise.

choice is not eliminated by God's foreknowledge

It is if His knowledge of future choices is infallible.

Just because God is right does not take away the ability to repent

Infallible doesn't mean "right."

It means "without error."

If God can be wrong, then His knowledge is not infallible.

If God cannot be wrong, then they cannot repent without making His knowledge false.

(Revelation of John 16:11) and they blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores; and they repented not of their works.

I believe the verse.

It says they did not repent.

It does not say their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

the book of Daniel and Revelation prove infallible foreknowledge

Saying it doesn't make it so.

Prophecy proves prophecy. It does not prove exhaustive foreknowledge of every future free choice.

open theist irrationally says God knows all that is knowable then deny it

I deny that future free choices are already settled facts before they are made.

That is not irrational. That is the point in dispute.

God knew sodom was evil but open theist say God didn't know sodom was evil

Knowing THAT Sodomites are evil is different than knowing HOW they are evil.

Genesis 13 says Sodom was wicked generally.

Genesis 18 concerns a specific outcry that God says He will investigate: “I will go down now and see... and if not, I will know.”

You keep flattening those into the same claim.

Calling it anthropomorphic is biblically consistent

Calling it anthropomorphic does not make it so.

(I Samuel 15:11) I repent that I made Saul reign as king, for he has turned back from following Me, and he has not risen to do my words. And Samuel was angry, and he cried to Jehovah all night.
(I Samuel 15:29) And also the Glory of Israel will not lie nor repent, for He is not a man that He should repent.

This does not help you.

1 Samuel 15:11 says God repented concerning Saul.

1 Samuel 15:29 says God is not a man that He should lie or repent.

The point is not that verse 11 is fake. The point is that God does not repent the way man repents. God is not fickle, deceptive, ignorant, or unreliable like man.

God's repentance is not man's repentance.

That does not make Genesis 22:12 mean the opposite of what it says.

God was not testing his own faith

(Genesis 22:1) And it happened after these things that God tested Abraham, and said to him, Abraham! And he said, Behold me.

No one said He was.

God tested Abraham.

Abraham obeyed.

Then God said, “Now I know.”

Your doctrine requires “Now I know” to mean “I already knew.”

That is not interpretation. That is reversal.
 

Nick M

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God tested Abraham.

Abraham obeyed.

Then God said, “Now I know.”

Your doctrine requires “Now I know” to mean “I already knew.”

That is not interpretation. That is reversal.
Then there is this doozy about the sin of Judah, in the mold of Planned Parenthood. It never entered into his mind they could do such a thing.

4 “Because they have forsaken Me and made this an alien place, because they have burned incense in it to other gods whom neither they, their fathers, nor the kings of Judah have known, and have filled this place with the blood of the innocents 5 (they have also built the high places of Baal, to burn their sons with fire for burnt offerings to Baal, which I did not command or speak, nor did it come into My mind),
 

way 2 go

Well-known member
No it doesn't.
open theist don't believe God has foreknowledge but if God did then it would be a force


Yes, thats what we said to you.
the only necessity is God believing it




Calling it a modal fallacy does not make it one.

Which premise are you rejecting?

If God infallibly foreknew before they existed that they would not repent, could they repent?

If yes, then God's foreknowledge could be false.

If no, then they could not do otherwise.
modal fallacy , "will happen" and open theist switch it to "must happen"

the necessity is in the truth of what God said will happen
the necessity does not transfer to the people themselves , God knows they did not repent


(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
choice is not eliminated by God's foreknowledge

It is if His knowledge of future choices is infallible.
open theism modal fallacy , who is making the choice of did not repent

you do believe God has infallible foreknowledge of this ?

(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
 

JudgeRightly

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open theist don't believe God has foreknowledge

Strictly speaking, Open Theists are the ones who actually believe God can foreknow, because “fore” is a temporal word.

Your view is not really foreknowledge from God’s perspective. It is timeless knowledge.

Open Theism says God can know future events when those future events are knowable.

but if God did then it would be a force

No.

No one said foreknowledge is a force.

the only necessity is God believing it

That's not how this works.

“Necessity” means something cannot be otherwise.

If it is necessary that God infallibly believes they will not repent, and God’s infallible belief cannot be false, then they cannot repent without making God’s belief false.

So you cannot isolate the necessity in God’s belief and pretend it has no bearing on the event entailed by that belief.

If the belief is infallible, the contrary event is impossible.

modal fallacy , "will happen" and open theist switch it to "must happen"

No.

The argument is not, “It will happen, therefore it must happen.”

The argument is, “If God infallibly foreknows it, then it cannot fail to happen without making God’s foreknowledge false.”

You keep leaving out the word “infallibly.”

the necessity is in the truth of what God said will happen

God said Nineveh will be overthrown in forty days.

It never happened.

God said "that He will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites and the Hittites and the Hivites and the Perizzites and the Girgashites and the Amorites and the Jebusites" - Joshua 3:10

It did not happen. (Judges 3:5)

God said He will make of Moses a great nation. - Exodus 32:10

It never happened, because Moses changed God's mind.

God said He would bring calamity upon Ahab.

It did not happen as originally announced.

MANY TIMES in the Bible God says He will do something that He never does.

That is why Jeremiah 18 matters.

God Himself says that if He speaks concerning a nation to pluck up, pull down, and destroy it, and that nation turns from evil, then He will relent of the disaster He thought to bring upon it.

So you cannot simply point to prophetic language, even strong prophetic language like “without fail,” and say, “See? Exhaustive infallible foreknowledge.”

God said many things will happen. Not all of them did.

The entire Bible is full of examples of God not getting what He wanted to happen, what He said would happen, and what He willed to happen.

That shows irrefutably that the "future" contained within prophecy is not automatically necessity.

the necessity does not transfer to the people themselves , God knows they did not repent

Then answer the question directly.

If God infallibly foreknew before they existed that they would not repent, could they repent?

If yes, then God’s foreknowledge could be false.

If no, then they could not do otherwise.

That is not a modal fallacy. That is the consequence of infallibility.

(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.

Repeating the verses doesn't change anything, W2G.

I've already answered this prooftext.

That you keep reposting it instead of advancing the argument is your own error.

open theism modal fallacy, who is making the choice of did not repent

They are.

But if their non-repentance was infallibly foreknown before they existed, then they could not repent without making God’s foreknowledge false.

So again, the issue is not force.

The issue is whether the alternative was genuinely possible.

you do believe God has infallible foreknowledge of this?

No, not in the classical sense you are arguing for.

I believe Revelation is prophecy. I believe God can reveal future events. I believe Revelation 9 says they did not repent.

I do not believe that proves exhaustive infallible foreknowledge of every future free choice before those people existed.

(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.

Repeating the verses doesn't change anything, W2G.

I've already answered this prooftext.

That you keep reposting it instead of advancing the argument is your own error.
 

way 2 go

Well-known member
Strictly speaking, Open Theists are the ones who actually believe God can foreknow, because “fore” is a temporal word.

Your view is not really foreknowledge from God’s perspective. It is timeless knowledge.

Open Theism says God can know future events when those future events are knowable.
it's God has exhaustive infallible foreknowledge or is he limited like a human

this is God's exhaustive infallible foreknowledge not limited human knowledge
(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
No.

No one said foreknowledge is a force.



That's not how this works.

“Necessity” means something cannot be otherwise.

If it is necessary that God infallibly believes they will not repent, and God’s infallible belief cannot be false, then they cannot repent without making God’s belief false.

So you cannot isolate the necessity in God’s belief and pretend it has no bearing on the event entailed by that belief.

If the belief is infallible, the contrary event is impossible.

No.

The argument is not, “It will happen, therefore it must happen.”

The argument is, “If God infallibly foreknows it, then it cannot fail to happen without making God’s foreknowledge false.”

You keep leaving out the word “infallibly.”
you say foreknowledge is not a force.
then modal fallacy it into a force

the necessity is in God’s belief being correct, not in the event being forced.
open theist illegitimately transfer necessity from the belief to the action. That’s the modal fallacy



God said Nineveh will be overthrown in forty days.

It never happened.

God said "that He will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites and the Hittites and the Hivites and the Perizzites and the Girgashites and the Amorites and the Jebusites" - Joshua 3:10

It did not happen. (Judges 3:5)

God said He will make of Moses a great nation. - Exodus 32:10

It never happened, because Moses changed God's mind.

God said He would bring calamity upon Ahab.

It did not happen as originally announced.

MANY TIMES in the Bible God says He will do something that He never does.

That is why Jeremiah 18 matters.

God Himself says that if He speaks concerning a nation to pluck up, pull down, and destroy it, and that nation turns from evil, then He will relent of the disaster He thought to bring upon it.

So you cannot simply point to prophetic language, even strong prophetic language like “without fail,” and say, “See? Exhaustive infallible foreknowledge.”

God said many things will happen. Not all of them did.

The entire Bible is full of examples of God not getting what He wanted to happen, what He said would happen, and what He willed to happen.

That shows irrefutably that the "future" contained within prophecy is not automatically necessity.



Then answer the question directly.

If God infallibly foreknew before they existed that they would not repent, could they repent?

If yes, then God’s foreknowledge could be false.

If no, then they could not do otherwise.

That is not a modal fallacy. That is the consequence of infallibility.



Repeating the verses doesn't change anything, W2G.

I've already answered this prooftext.

That you keep reposting it instead of advancing the argument is your own error.
you keep trying to make foreknowledge a force with the modal fallacy

yes they could have repented "they did not"
they still could have
God’s knowledge would have simply been different if they had chosen differently.

open theist saying foreknowledge removes the ability to do otherwise, that is the modal fallacy


and I purposely chose these verses because of Jeremiah 18 ,
the dilemma , God says they did not repent

Revelation of John 9:20-21
so is it ,God is wrong , they could repent (making God's statement false)
or
God's has infallible foreknowledge here and they cannot do otherwise

Which is it?

(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
 

Derf

Well-known member
it's God has exhaustive infallible foreknowledge or is he limited like a human

this is God's exhaustive infallible foreknowledge not limited human knowledge
(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.

you say foreknowledge is not a force.
then modal fallacy it into a force

the necessity is in God’s belief being correct, not in the event being forced.
open theist illegitimately transfer necessity from the belief to the action. That’s the modal fallacy




you keep trying to make foreknowledge a force with the modal fallacy

yes they could have repented "they did not"
they still could have
God’s knowledge would have simply been different if they had chosen differently.

open theist saying foreknowledge removes the ability to do otherwise, that is the modal fallacy


and I purposely chose these verses because of Jeremiah 18 ,
the dilemma , God says they did not repent

Revelation of John 9:20-21
so is it ,God is wrong , they could repent (making God's statement false)
or
God's has infallible foreknowledge here and they cannot do otherwise

Which is it?

(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
Was it God's exhaustive foreknowledge when Isaiah told King Hezekiah that he would die of his illness, or was it God's exhaustive foreknowledge when Isaiah told the king he would survive his illness?

Can God have exhaustive foreknowledge of two opposite outcomes for the same person?
 

JudgeRightly

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it's God has exhaustive infallible foreknowledge or is he limited like a human

False dichotomy.

God is not “limited like a human” simply because He does not know non-existent future free choices as settled facts before they are made.

God knows all that is real. God knows all that is knowable that He wants to know. God can discover anything He needs to know. The issue is not whether God is limited. The issue is whether future free choices already exist as settled facts to be known.

this is God's exhaustive infallible foreknowledge not limited human knowledge
(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.

No, this is prophecy.

Revelation 9 says they did not repent. I believe that.

What it does not say is that their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

you say foreknowledge is not a force.
then modal fallacy it into a force

No.

You keep confusing force with necessity.

No one said foreknowledge forces anything.

the necessity is in God’s belief being correct, not in the event being forced.
open theist illegitimately transfer necessity from the belief to the action. That’s the modal fallacy

You do not understand what the argument is.

We are not saying:

“It will happen, therefore it must happen.”

We are saying:

“If God infallibly knows it will happen, then it cannot fail to happen without making God’s knowledge false.”

That is not a modal fallacy. That is what infallible means.

If God’s belief cannot be wrong, then the contrary event cannot occur.

you keep trying to make foreknowledge a force with the modal fallacy

yes they could have repented "they did not"
they still could have
God’s knowledge would have simply been different if they had chosen differently.

You are equivocating on “could.”

If by “they could have repented” you mean they were not physically forced, fine. No one is arguing physical force.

But if by “they could have repented” you mean they genuinely could have done otherwise than what God infallibly foreknew, then God’s foreknowledge could have been false.

You cannot have it both ways.

Either they could have repented, in which case their non-repentance was not infallibly settled beforehand, or their non-repentance was infallibly settled beforehand, in which case they could not repent.

Saying “God’s knowledge would have simply been different if they had chosen differently” concedes that God’s knowledge corresponds to the free choice. It does not prove that the free choice was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they made it.

open theist saying foreknowledge removes the ability to do otherwise, that is the modal fallacy

You do not understand what a modal fallacy is then, nor do you understand what “necessary” means in logic.

Necessary means it cannot be otherwise.

If God infallibly foreknows they will not repent, then they cannot repent without making God’s foreknowledge false.

If they can repent, then God’s foreknowledge could be false.

Pick one.

and I purposely chose these verses because of Jeremiah 18 ,
the dilemma , God says they did not repent

Jeremiah 18 hurts your position, not mine.

Jeremiah 18 says that if God speaks concerning a nation to pluck up, pull down, and destroy it, and that nation turns from its evil, then God will relent of the disaster He thought to bring upon it.

So Jeremiah 18 proves that a divine declaration of judgment does not automatically mean the human response is exhaustively settled beforehand.

Revelation of John 9:20-21
so is it ,God is wrong , they could repent (making God's statement false)
or
God's has infallible foreknowledge here and they cannot do otherwise

Which is it?

False dilemma.

Revelation 9:20–21 is part of a prophetic vision.

It says they did not repent. I believe that.

What I deny is that this proves their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

You keep assuming Revelation is settled future history in the classical sense. That is the very point in dispute.

(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.

Repeating the verses does not change anything, W2G.

You have shown that Revelation says they did not repent.

You have not shown that their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.
 

way 2 go

Well-known member
God knows all that is knowable that He wants to know. God can discover anything He needs to know.
how does God determine what he doesn't want to know , without knowing ?


No, this is prophecy.

Revelation 9 says they did not repent. I believe that.
believe what " define "that"
you say one thing but mean something else
you acknowledge the words "did not repent" but not what they mean
What it does not say is that their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.



No.

You keep confusing force with necessity.

No one said foreknowledge forces anything.



You do not understand what the argument is.

We are not saying:

“It will happen, therefore it must happen.”

We are saying:

“If God infallibly knows it will happen, then it cannot fail to happen without making God’s knowledge false.”

That is not a modal fallacy. That is what infallible means.

If God’s belief cannot be wrong, then the contrary event cannot occur.
I understand the argument ,modal fallacy
The only necessity is God's belief
God's belief does not transfer to their ability to repent

(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.




You are equivocating on “could.”

If by “they could have repented” you mean they were not physically forced, fine. No one is arguing physical force.

But if by “they could have repented” you mean they genuinely could have done otherwise than what God infallibly foreknew, then God’s foreknowledge could have been false.

You cannot have it both ways.

Either they could have repented, in which case their non-repentance was not infallibly settled beforehand, or their non-repentance was infallibly settled beforehand, in which case they could not repent.

Saying “God’s knowledge would have simply been different if they had chosen differently” concedes that God’s knowledge corresponds to the free choice. It does not prove that the free choice was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they made it.



You do not understand what a modal fallacy is then, nor do you understand what “necessary” means in logic.

Necessary means it cannot be otherwise.

If God infallibly foreknows they will not repent, then they cannot repent without making God’s foreknowledge false.

If they can repent, then God’s foreknowledge could be false.

Pick one.
yes they could have repented "they did not"
they still could have
God’s knowledge of their choice would have simply been different if they had chosen to repent.


Jeremiah 18 hurts your position, not mine.

Jeremiah 18 says that if God speaks concerning a nation to pluck up, pull down, and destroy it, and that nation turns from its evil, then God will relent of the disaster He thought to bring upon it.

So Jeremiah 18 proves that a divine declaration of judgment does not automatically mean the human response is exhaustively settled beforehand.



False dilemma.

Revelation 9:20–21 is part of a prophetic vision.

It says they did not repent. I believe that.

What I deny is that this proves their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

You keep assuming Revelation is settled future history in the classical sense. That is the very point in dispute.
not a false dilemma , this is a factual declarative statement
“They did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their sexual immorality, nor of their thefts.”

are you trying to hold on to two contradictory positions "they did not repent" and "maybe they will repent" ?
Repeating the verses does not change anything, W2G.

You have shown that Revelation says they did not repent.

You have not shown that their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.
plain factual statement "they did not repent"
was it true when John wrote it , you say you believe "that"
but "that" means God's has infallible foreknowledge here and they cannot do otherwise or
if "that" is not true then they might repent and "that" is a false statement

(Revelation of John 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
 

Clete

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open theism tries to make foreknowledge a force

the necessity is logical, not causal , foreknowledge is not a force

the core philosophical error is modal fallacy
God knows their choice of they did not repent they don't lack choice
choice is not eliminated by God's foreknowledge

Just because God is right does not take away the ability to repent

(Revelation of John 16:11) and they blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores; and they repented not of their works.




the book of Daniel and Revelation prove infallible foreknowledge

open theist irrationally says God knows all that is knowable then deny it
God knew sodom was evil but open theist say God didn't know sodom was evil


Calling it anthropomorphic is biblically consistent

(I Samuel 15:11) I repent that I made Saul reign as king, for he has turned back from following Me, and he has not risen to do my words. And Samuel was angry, and he cried to Jehovah all night.
(I Samuel 15:29) And also the Glory of Israel will not lie nor repent, for He is not a man that He should repent.

God was not testing his own faith

(Genesis 22:1) And it happened after these things that God tested Abraham, and said to him, Abraham! And he said, Behold me.
Merely calling something a "modal fallacy" is not an argument. You have to identify the actual fallacy.

The argument is straightforward:
  1. If a future choice is already infallibly true before the chooser exists, then it cannot fail to occur.
  2. If it cannot fail to occur, then no genuine alternative is available.
  3. If no genuine alternative is available, then the person could not have done otherwise.
Which premise is false?

Simply asserting that the necessity is "logical rather than causal" does not solve the problem. Logical necessity is still necessity. A man prevented from doing otherwise by an unbreakable logical fact is no more able to do otherwise than a man prevented by physical chains.

The issue has never been whether foreknowledge causes the choice. The issue is whether an infallibly settled future leaves any genuine possible alternative from which to choose.

What do you mean by "choice"?

If "choice" merely means a person does what he desires, then a robot programmed to desire one thing also "chooses."

If, however, a choice means that more than one option is genuinely available to the agent, then you must explain how someone could have repented when, by your own doctrine, it was already impossible for them to repent without making God's prior belief false.
 

JudgeRightly

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how does God determine what he doesn't want to know , without knowing ?

By knowing the matter exists without choosing to search out every detail of it.

You do not have to know the contents of a sealed letter in order to decide not to open it.

Likewise, God can know there is a matter to investigate without already knowing the result of the investigation. That is exactly how Genesis 18 reads:

“I will go down now and see... and if not, I will know.”

believe what " define "that"
you say one thing but mean something else
you acknowledge the words "did not repent" but not what they mean

By “that,” I mean I believe Revelation 9 says they did not repent.

What I deny is your added claim that their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

Those are not the same claim.

I understand the argument ,modal fallacy
The only necessity is God's belief
God's belief does not transfer to their ability to repent

You keep saying “modal fallacy,” but you have not shown the fallacy.

If God’s belief is infallible, then it cannot be false.

If God infallibly believes they will not repent, then they cannot repent without making God’s belief false.

So yes, the necessity bears on the event entailed by the infallible belief.

yes they could have repented "they did not"
they still could have
God’s knowledge of their choice would have simply been different if they had chosen to repent.

Then you have conceded that God’s knowledge corresponds to their choice.

If they could have repented, and God’s knowledge would have been different had they repented, then their non-repentance was not exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

You cannot have it both ways.

not a false dilemma , this is a factual declarative statement
“They did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their sexual immorality, nor of their thefts.”

It is a factual declarative statement within a prophetic vision.

That does not automatically make it settled future history in the classical sense.

You are still assuming what you need to prove.

are you trying to hold on to two contradictory positions "they did not repent" and "maybe they will repent" ?

No.

I am saying Revelation says they did not repent.

I am also saying Revelation does not prove that their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

Those are not contradictory positions.

plain factual statement "they did not repent"
was it true when John wrote it , you say you believe "that"

It was true that John was shown a prophetic vision in which they did not repent.

What you have not proven is that this means their non-repentance was already settled as an unavoidable future free choice before they existed.

but "that" means God's has infallible foreknowledge here and they cannot do otherwise or
if "that" is not true then they might repent and "that" is a false statement

False dilemma.

“That” means Revelation says they did not repent.

It does not automatically mean your doctrine of exhaustive infallible foreknowledge is true.

You keep proving that Revelation contains the words “they did not repent.”

No one denies that.

What you have not proven is that those words mean their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.
 

way 2 go

Well-known member
By knowing the matter exists without choosing to search out every detail of it.

You do not have to know the contents of a sealed letter in order to decide not to open it.

Likewise, God can know there is a matter to investigate without already knowing the result of the investigation. That is exactly how Genesis 18 reads:

“I will go down now and see... and if not, I will know.”
bad example God knew .
(Genesis 18:17) And the LORD said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do;
By “that,” I mean I believe Revelation 9 says they did not repent.

What I deny is your added claim that their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

Those are not the same claim.
you acknowledge the words "did not repent" but not what they mean
You keep saying “modal fallacy,” but you have not shown the fallacy.

If God’s belief is infallible, then it cannot be false.

If God infallibly believes they will not repent, then they cannot repent without making God’s belief false.

So yes, the necessity bears on the event entailed by the infallible belief.
no
God's belief does not transfer to their ability to repent
God knows their free choice, they have the ability


foreknowledge ≠ causation
You continue to commit the modal fallacy and treat foreknowledge as if it were causation
Then you have conceded that God’s knowledge corresponds to their choice.

If they could have repented, and God’s knowledge would have been different had they repented, then their non-repentance was not exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

You cannot have it both ways.
I don't .
foreknowledge ≠ causation , foreknowledge not a force
modal fallacy open theism seeks to make God's foreknowledge the cause when it is just knowledge


brave a i :
Divine Certainty (De Dicto): It is necessarily true that God’s foreknowledge is infallible. If God sees that humanity will not repent, it is impossible for Him to be wrong. This is a necessity of the proposition.

Human Contingency (De Re): The refusal to repent in Revelation 9:20-21 is not de re necessary. The individuals possessed the ability to do otherwise (the power of contrary choice). They could have repented, but they would not. God’s knowledge simply reflects the certainty of their free choice without causing it.



It is a factual declarative statement within a prophetic vision.

That does not automatically make it settled future history in the classical sense.

You are still assuming what you need to prove.
special pleading ? are you're saying it doesn't mean what it says ?
you want to change "they did not repent" into "they might repent"

you want it both ways
No.

I am saying Revelation says they did not repent.

I am also saying Revelation does not prove that their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.

Those are not contradictory positions.



It was true that John was shown a prophetic vision in which they did not repent.

What you have not proven is that this means their non-repentance was already settled as an unavoidable future free choice before they existed.



False dilemma.

“That” means Revelation says they did not repent.

It does not automatically mean your doctrine of exhaustive infallible foreknowledge is true.

You keep proving that Revelation contains the words “they did not repent.”

No one denies that.

What you have not proven is that those words mean their non-repentance was exhaustively and infallibly settled before they existed.
God knew their choice and wrote it down for us to read , do you deny " they did not repent " and make it they might repent ?
are you claiming God can't possibly know what he claims to know or God is mistaken here ?

(Revelation 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.
 

JudgeRightly

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bad example God knew .
(Genesis 18:17) And the LORD said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do;

This verse literally proves my position.

This verse literally supports my position.
God asks, “Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do?”

He is deliberating about His own future choice. He is deciding whether He should tell Abraham what He is about to do. He considers Abraham’s calling and then decides to reveal it to him.

The verse presents God considering what He should do before making the decision.

you acknowledge the words "did not repent" but not what they mean

False.

I'm exaining to you what they mean. You ignoring it doesn't make that explanation go away.

The words occur within a prophetic vision. Therefore, they describe what happens within the vision: the men could repent, but they freely choose not to repent.

Writing a prophetic vision down does not transform it into settled future history.

no
God's belief does not transfer to their ability to repent
God knows their free choice, they have the ability

You're trying to have your cake and eat it too.

You claim that God infallibly knows they will not repent, so their repentance cannot actually occur. You then claim that they nevertheless retain the ability to repent.

Those claims are incompatible.

foreknowledge ≠ causation

Yes. We agree.

Foreknowledge does not cause the event.

But if God infallibly knows that a person will perform an action, and that knowledge cannot be false, then the person cannot perform the alternative instead.

If the alternative is impossible, then the person does not have a genuine choice between alternatives.

If the person cannot choose otherwise, then the action is not freely chosen in the libertarian sense under discussion.

Causation is not the issue. Possibility is.

You continue to commit the modal fallacy and treat foreknowledge as if it were causation

Saying it doesn't make it so.

I have repeatedly distinguished necessity from causation. You keep responding to an argument I am not making.

I don't .

You are trying to maintain both claims. They cannot both be true.

foreknowledge ≠ causation , foreknowledge not a force

Yes, we agree.

modal fallacy open theism seeks to make God's foreknowledge the cause when it is just knowledge

You still have not demonstrated a modal fallacy, so I reject your claim.

And I already agree that foreknowledge is not a cause.

The problem is that infallible know
ledge of one future outcome excludes every contrary outcome. That is a question of possibility, not causation.

brave a i :
Divine Certainty (De Dicto): It is necessarily true that God’s foreknowledge is infallible. If God sees that humanity will not repent, it is impossible for Him to be wrong. This is a necessity of the proposition.

Human Contingency (De Re): The refusal to repent in Revelation 9:20-21 is not de re necessary. The individuals possessed the ability to do otherwise (the power of contrary choice). They could have repented, but they would not. God’s knowledge simply reflects the certainty of their free choice without causing it.

This begs the question.

It begins by assuming “divine certainty,” meaning that God infallibly knows these men will not repent. Whether God possesses that kind of knowledge about unsettled future choices is precisely what is being disputed.

The quotation does not establish divine certainty. It assumes divine certainty and then declares that the men somehow retain the power of contrary choice.

“They could have repented, but they would not” does not resolve the contradiction.

“Could” concerns possibility.

“Might” concerns probability.

My position is that, within the vision, they could repent. Repentance remains genuinely possible. Given their character and the circumstances, however, they probably will not repent. God is showing the most likely course the future will take if the relevant circumstances do not change.

Your position makes repentance impossible while continuing to call it possible.

special pleading?

Another fallacy you don't seem to know the meaning of.

are you're saying it doesn't mean what it says?

I am saying it means exactly what it says within the context in which it appears.

You are ignoring that context.

you want to change "they did not repent" into "they might repent"

No.

Within the vision, they did not repent.

They could have repented, but freely chose not to.

The vision itself represents what might happen in the actual future if circumstances continue along their present course.

You keep conflating what the men could do within the vision with whether the events portrayed in the vision must occur in actual history.

you want it both ways

No.

God knew their choice and wrote it down for us to read ,

No. That is the claim you have assumed but have not proven.

God showed John the general future end of the world that God Himself would bring about, and He had John write the vision down.

The nitty gritty details may, and probably will change. Chariots, for example, are unlikely to be the literal instruments used. The men described are not named individuals whose personal futures are being recorded. They are generic representatives of the people who will eventually occupy those positions.

Notice that the passage describes groups of men. The men collectively do not repent.

One thing that you should learn, W2G, is that individual men are hard to predict, but groups of people are extremely easy to predict, even for men, let alone God Himself.

God can know with overwhelming confidence how a population will respond without every individual choice being a settled future fact.

do you deny " they did not repent "

No. Within the vision, they did not repent.

and make it they might repent ?

No. You are conflating two different statements.

Within the vision, they could repent but did not.

The vision shows what might happen in actual history, given the circumstances that existed when the vision was given.

are you claiming God can't possibly know what he claims to know or God is mistaken here ?

Neither.

I have established that God’s knowledge of the future is not an exhaustive list of settled future facts.

You are attributing knowledge to God that He does not claim to possess.

If the future unfolds differently from what was portrayed in the vision, God was not mistaken. The vision showed where history was most likely headed if the relevant circumstances did not change.

God designed men who can meaningfully affect the course of history. Their choices can change circumstances, alter God’s plans, and produce outcomes different from those that were previously expected or threatened.

(Revelation 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.

Yes. Within the prophetic vision, they did not repent.

Repeating the passage does not establish that the vision is an infallible recording of settled future history. That is the point you continue to assume and have yet to prove.
 

way 2 go

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This verse literally proves my position.

This verse literally supports my position.
God asks, “Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do?”

He is deliberating about His own future choice. He is deciding whether He should tell Abraham what He is about to do. He considers Abraham’s calling and then decides to reveal it to him.

The verse presents God considering what He should do before making the decision.
God already determined the course its a rhetorical question.

False.

I'm exaining to you what they mean. You ignoring it doesn't make that explanation go away.

The words occur within a prophetic vision. Therefore, they describe what happens within the vision: the men could repent, but they freely choose not to repent.

Writing a prophetic vision down does not transform it into settled future history.
so that's open theism denying scripture with the special pleading of " it's prophecy" God doesn't know what is talking about
the same God who in the old testament established himself by prophecy and called for the death penalty for false prophets


(Isaiah 41:21-24) [21] Produce your cause, says the LORD; bring forth your strong reasons, says the King of Jacob. [22] Let them bring them forth, and show us what shall happen: let them show the former things, what they be, that we may consider them, and know the latter end of them; or declare us things for to come. [23] Show the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that you are gods: yes, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and behold it together. [24] Behold, you are of nothing, and your work of nothing: an abomination is he that chooses you.

(Deuteronomy 18:20) But the prophet, which shall presume to speak a word in my name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or that shall speak in the name of other gods, even that prophet shall die

You're trying to have your cake and eat it too.

You claim that God infallibly knows they will not repent, so their repentance cannot actually occur. You then claim that they nevertheless retain the ability to repent.

Those claims are incompatible.
if you're standing does that mean you lack the ability to sit ?

modal fallacy again
This is exactly the de re mistake that open theism is making they turn the certainty of the outcome into an inability.
You keep sliding from:
“God knows they will not repent” to “Therefore they cannot repent.”

Yes. We agree.

Foreknowledge does not cause the event.

But if God infallibly knows that a person will perform an action, and that knowledge cannot be false, then the person cannot perform the alternative instead.

If the alternative is impossible, then the person does not have a genuine choice between alternatives.

If the person cannot choose otherwise, then the action is not freely chosen in the libertarian sense under discussion.

Causation is not the issue. Possibility is.
God knows all the possibilities , God wrote "they did not repent" because they are not going to , not because they lack the ability

God is infallible , God wrote because God believes "they did not repent" open theism says God makes mistakes and they might repent

Saying it doesn't make it so.

I have repeatedly distinguished necessity from causation. You keep responding to an argument I am not making.



You are trying to maintain both claims. They cannot both be true.
you're arguing necessity but no cause except God's future knowledge of the free and future event



Within the vision, they did not repent.

They could have repented, but freely chose not to.

The vision itself represents what might happen in the actual future if circumstances continue along their present course.

You keep conflating what the men could do within the vision with whether the events portrayed in the vision must occur in actual history.
open theism denies scripture

No.



No. That is the claim you have assumed but have not proven.

God showed John the general future end of the world that God Himself would bring about, and He had John write the vision down.

The nitty gritty details may, and probably will change. Chariots, for example, are unlikely to be the literal instruments used. The men described are not named individuals whose personal futures are being recorded. They are generic representatives of the people who will eventually occupy those positions.

Notice that the passage describes groups of men. The men collectively do not repent.

One thing that you should learn, W2G, is that individual men are hard to predict, but groups of people are extremely easy to predict, even for men, let alone God Himself.

God can know with overwhelming confidence how a population will respond without every individual choice being a settled future fact.



No. Within the vision, they did not repent.
special pleading ,"its just a vision"
God doesn't' know , could be God is lying saying one thing meaning another , open theism is way to open for me

No. You are conflating two different statements.

Within the vision, they could repent but did not.

The vision shows what might happen in actual history, given the circumstances that existed when the vision was given.



Neither.

I have established that God’s knowledge of the future is not an exhaustive list of settled future facts.

You are attributing knowledge to God that He does not claim to possess.

If the future unfolds differently from what was portrayed in the vision, God was not mistaken. The vision showed where history was most likely headed if the relevant circumstances did not change.

God designed men who can meaningfully affect the course of history. Their choices can change circumstances, alter God’s plans, and produce outcomes different from those that were previously expected or threatened.



Yes. Within the prophetic vision, they did not repent.

Repeating the passage does not establish that the vision is an infallible recording of settled future history. That is the point you continue to assume and have yet to prove.
this to open theism is fact
(Genesis 22:12) And he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him: for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me.

this to open theism pure conjecture
(Genesis 18:18-19) [18] Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him? [19] For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.

this to open theism is fact , God did not know
(Genesis 3:9) And the LORD God called to Adam and said to him, Where are you?

this to open theism pure conjecture
(Revelation 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.


this to open theism is fact , God did not know
Genesis 18:21) I will go down now and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which has come to Me. And if not, I will know

this to open theism is God knew but didn't know
(Genesis 13:13) But the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners before the LORD, exceedingly so.

That is a lot of special pleading.

open theism is heterodox
 

JudgeRightly

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God already determined the course its a rhetorical question.


so that's open theism denying scripture with the special pleading of " it's prophecy" God doesn't know what is talking about
the same God who in the old testament established himself by prophecy and called for the death penalty for false prophets


(Isaiah 41:21-24) [21] Produce your cause, says the LORD; bring forth your strong reasons, says the King of Jacob. [22] Let them bring them forth, and show us what shall happen: let them show the former things, what they be, that we may consider them, and know the latter end of them; or declare us things for to come. [23] Show the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that you are gods: yes, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and behold it together. [24] Behold, you are of nothing, and your work of nothing: an abomination is he that chooses you.

(Deuteronomy 18:20) But the prophet, which shall presume to speak a word in my name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or that shall speak in the name of other gods, even that prophet shall die


if you're standing does that mean you lack the ability to sit ?

modal fallacy again
This is exactly the de re mistake that open theism is making they turn the certainty of the outcome into an inability.
You keep sliding from:
“God knows they will not repent” to “Therefore they cannot repent.”


God knows all the possibilities , God wrote "they did not repent" because they are not going to , not because they lack the ability

God is infallible , God wrote because God believes "they did not repent" open theism says God makes mistakes and they might repent


you're arguing necessity but no cause except God's future knowledge of the free and future event




open theism denies scripture


special pleading ,"its just a vision"
God doesn't' know , could be God is lying saying one thing meaning another , open theism is way to open for me


this to open theism is fact
(Genesis 22:12) And he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him: for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me.

this to open theism pure conjecture
(Genesis 18:18-19) [18] Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him? [19] For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.

this to open theism is fact , God did not know
(Genesis 3:9) And the LORD God called to Adam and said to him, Where are you?

this to open theism pure conjecture
(Revelation 9:20-21) [20] And the rest of the men who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and golden, and silver, and bronze, and stone, and wooden idols (which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk). [21] And they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.


this to open theism is fact , God did not know
Genesis 18:21) I will go down now and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which has come to Me. And if not, I will know

this to open theism is God knew but didn't know
(Genesis 13:13) But the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners before the LORD, exceedingly so.

That is a lot of special pleading.

open theism is heterodox

Reference Post: W2G’s Arguments and Where They Have Been Answered

W2G, you have repeatedly returned to arguments that have already been answered, frequently without addressing the answers.

To prevent the discussion from becoming an endless cycle of repetition, I am consolidating your arguments here. Each entry identifies:

1. The posts in which you raised the argument.
2. The claim being made.
3. The posts in which it was answered.
4. The answer.

From this point forward, when you repeat one of these arguments without addressing the answer, I will refer you to the corresponding number in this post.

If you believe an answer fails, identify the particular statement or premise you reject and explain why. Merely repeating the original claim will not advance the discussion.

1. “Now I know” was merely a confirmatory declaration

Spoiler
Raised in: #147, #163, #179, #188, #209, #256, #261, #277.

Answered in: #148, #151, #154, #162, #169, #173, #180, #184, #189, #207, #211, #251, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: When God said, “Now I know that you fear God,” He did not acquire any new information. He was publicly confirming, demonstrating, or announcing what He had always known.

Answer: Genesis 22 gives a sequence:

God tested Abraham.

Abraham obeyed.

God then said:

“Now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only son, from Me.”

“Now” identifies when God knew the result of the test. “Since” identifies the evidence upon which that knowledge was based.

The text does not say:

“Now Abraham knows.”

“Now Isaac knows.”

“Now everyone else knows.”

“Now I am publicly confirming what I already knew.”

It says, “Now I know,” and ties that knowledge directly to Abraham’s completed action.

Your interpretation reverses the words. “Now I know” becomes “I already knew.” Calling that a “confirmatory declaration” merely gives the reversal a label.

Your poker analogy also assumes the disputed premise. A man who knows that his friend generally loves to bluff does not therefore know whether the man will bluff when his home, livelihood, or child is at stake. Prior knowledge of a general disposition does not equal knowledge of how that disposition will hold under the most severe test imaginable.

That distinction is the entire reason for testing someone.


2. God already knew Abraham had faith

Spoiler
Raised in: #153, #161, #163, #179, #188, #209, #256, #277.

Answered in: #154, #162, #169, #173, #180, #184, #189, #207, #211, #251, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: Genesis 15:6, Genesis 18:19, Romans 4, and James 2 show that God already knew Abraham was faithful. Therefore, Genesis 22 could not have revealed anything to God.

Answer: No one denies that Abraham already had faith.

Genesis 15 establishes that Abraham believed God.

Genesis 18 describes God’s existing knowledge of Abraham, his calling, and the kind of household he was expected to establish.

Genesis 22 tests whether Abraham’s faith would endure when obedience appeared to threaten Isaac, the promises concerning Isaac, and Abraham’s understanding of God’s own character.

Knowing that Abraham had previously acted faithfully is not identical to knowing whether he would remain faithful under every possible future circumstance.

A person can be faithful under ordinary conditions and fail when the cost becomes severe. That is why Scripture distinguishes between possessing faith and having that faith tested.

James 2 confirms that Abraham’s faith was demonstrated and perfected through his action. It does not say that God exhaustively knew the result before the test.

Genesis 18:19 also does not say:

“I know that Abraham will offer Isaac if I command him to do so.”

You keep inserting that conclusion into the passage.


3. The typology of Christ required God to know Abraham would obey

Spoiler
Raised in: #147, #153, #161, #188, #195, #256.

Answered in: #148, #151, #154, #157, #169, #189, #192, #199, #207, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: Genesis 22 foreshadows Christ. God could not have arranged that typology without already knowing that Abraham would obey.

Answer: God’s ability to accomplish redemption did not depend upon Abraham’s obedience.

Abraham’s offering of Isaac became a type of the Father offering His Son because Abraham obeyed. Had Abraham failed, God’s plan of redemption would not have failed. God would still have sent Christ, and Abraham’s failure could itself have illustrated mankind’s failure and God’s provision despite that failure.

God controls His own actions. He knew what He intended to do through Christ because He could decide to do it and had the power to accomplish it.

That does not require Him to possess exhaustive foreknowledge of Abraham’s unsettled free choice.

The account became the particular foreshadowing that it became because of what Abraham actually did. God did not need to eternally know Abraham’s decision in order to respond meaningfully to it and incorporate it into His revelation.


4. The ram proves that God already knew Abraham would obey

Spoiler
Raised in: #188, #195, #256.

Answered in: #189, #192, #199, #207, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: The ram caught in the thicket could not have been present unless God already knew Abraham would follow through. Otherwise, its presence would have been a lucky coincidence.

Answer: Abraham traveled for approximately three days. God had ample time to bring the ram to the location while Abraham’s obedience was unfolding.

God can move an animal without exhaustively foreknowing every future free choice.

The ram could also have served a purpose had Abraham failed. God could have used it to demonstrate that He provides even when men fail under the weight of a test.

Preparing provision for a contingency does not require knowing which contingent outcome must occur.

Fire departments prepare for fires without knowing that a particular building will burn. A wise general prepares for several possible enemy movements without knowing which movement will be chosen. God is incomparably more capable of preparing for contingencies.

The ram proves that God provided. It does not transform “Now I know” into “I already knew.”


5. A real contingency would make the test pointless or turn it into a test of God

Spoiler
Raised in: #156, #179, #195, #256, #261.

Answered in: #157, #169, #180, #184, #189, #199, #207, #211, #251, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: If Abraham could have refused, then God was effectively testing His own faith, risking His own plan, or making a mistake.

Answer: Genesis 22 explicitly says that God tested Abraham.

No one has claimed that God tested His own faith.

The test had value regardless of the result:

If Abraham obeyed, the test revealed that his faith endured.

If Abraham refused, the test would have revealed that his faith failed under that pressure.

A test does not become pointless merely because failure is possible. The possibility of different outcomes is what makes it a real test.

Nor would Abraham’s failure have constituted a mistake by God. Creating beings capable of success and failure involves risk, but a creature’s failure does not turn God’s decision to test him into an error.

A teacher is not mistaken merely because a student fails an examination. The examination reveals the student’s actual performance.

Your position turns the test into a scripted demonstration of a result God had exhaustively known from eternity. That interpretation removes the test’s investigative function.


6. God’s questions, deliberations, and investigations are rhetorical or anthropomorphic

Spoiler
Raised in: #152, #153, #209, #213, #256, #261, #275, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #157, #211, #216, #251, #257, #259, #262, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: When God asks questions, deliberates, tests, or investigates, He already knows the answer. The language is merely rhetorical, accommodating, or anthropomorphic.

Answer: Different questions can have different purposes. No one has claimed that every question God asks proves that He lacks information.

“Adam, where are you?” can function as a summons requiring Adam to come forward and answer for himself.

That does not establish that every other divine question is rhetorical.

In Genesis 18:17 God asks:

“Shall I hide from Abraham what I am doing?”

God is considering His own future action. He then considers Abraham’s calling and decides to disclose the matter.

The text depicts deliberation. Declaring the question “rhetorical” merely assumes that the decision had already been immutably made. You have offered no textual argument for that assumption.

Likewise, Genesis 18:21 says:

“I will go down now and see whether they have done altogether according to the outcry against it that has come to Me; and if not, I will know.”

The verse identifies:

What God intended to investigate.

Why He intended to investigate it.

What He would know as a result.

Calling the passage anthropomorphic does not authorize you to reverse every verb in it. “I will see” cannot simply be changed into “I have already seen,” and “I will know” cannot simply be changed into “I already know.”


7. Genesis 13:13 proves God already knew everything about Sodom

Spoiler
Raised in: #150, #152, #153, #156, #209, #213, #233, #261, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #157, #207, #211, #216, #229, #232, #235, #236, #262, and here.

Claim: Genesis 13:13 says the men of Sodom were wicked. Therefore, God already knew the complete truth about the outcry in Genesis 18 and did not need to investigate.

Answer: Genesis 13:13 and Genesis 18:21 address different objects of knowledge.

Genesis 13:13 says that the men of Sodom were generally wicked.

Genesis 18:21 concerns a particular outcry and whether the people had acted altogether according to that report.

Knowing that a city is generally wicked does not mean knowing every detail of every later accusation against every person in that city.

A judge may know that a criminal organization is wicked while still investigating whether a particular allegation against particular members is true.

God judges righteously. He does not condemn people on the basis of rumor. Genesis presents Him investigating the specific outcry before imposing judgment.

Matthew 12:36 says that men will account for their idle words. It does not say that God exhaustively foreknew every one of those words before the speakers existed.

Likewise, the angels arriving with authority to destroy Sodom does not erase the investigation that preceded the judgment.


8. God must already know something before He can decide not to investigate it

Spoiler
Raised in: #272, #275.

Answered in: #274, #276, and here.

Claim: God cannot decide that He does not want to know something unless He already knows the thing He has supposedly decided not to know.

Answer: A person can know that a matter exists without knowing all its contents.

You can know that a sealed letter exists and decide not to open it without already knowing everything written inside.

You can know that a report has been made without already knowing whether the report is accurate.

Likewise, God can know that there is a matter available for investigation without already possessing every detail that investigation would uncover.

Genesis 18 explicitly presents such a situation. An outcry reaches God. God knows the outcry exists. He decides to investigate whether the allegations are accurate.

Knowledge that a question exists is not knowledge of the answer.


9. Open Theists deny Scripture or ignore the rest of Scripture

Spoiler
Raised in: #150, #153, #156, #195, #209, #213, #233, #243, #252, #256, #261, #275, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #157, #207, #211, #216, #236, #241, #249, #251, #254, #257, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: Open Theists deny Scripture because they do not accept the Classical Theist interpretation of passages about God’s knowledge and prophecy.

Answer: Disagreeing with your interpretation is not denying Scripture.

I affirm that Genesis says, “Now I know.”

I affirm that Genesis says God went down to see, “and if not, I will know.”

I affirm that Revelation says, “They did not repent.”

I affirm that God prophesies and that His plans will ultimately prevail.

The dispute concerns what those statements mean in context and whether they establish your additional doctrine of exhaustive infallible knowledge of every future free choice.

You repeatedly move from:

“The Bible says X”

to:

“My theological interpretation of X is true”

and then accuse anyone who rejects the second statement of rejecting the first.

That does not follow.

Writing “they did not repent” in a prophetic vision does not automatically establish that their future free choices were immutable facts before they existed.

You must prove that additional claim instead of labeling disagreement “denial of Scripture.”


10. Classical Theism is historically orthodox, while Open Theism is heterodox

Spoiler
Raised in: #209, #213, #233, #277.

Answered in: #210, #211, #216, #230, #235, #236, and here.

Claim: Classical Theism has approximately nineteen centuries of precedent. Open Theism is heterodox. Therefore, Classical Theism is more credible.

Answer: This is an appeal to tradition.

A doctrine does not become true because it has been held for a long time or labeled orthodox by later institutions.

Tradition may be historically interesting and may justify examining a doctrine carefully. It does not establish the doctrine’s truth.

The questions remain:

What does Scripture say?

Is the doctrine logically coherent?

Calling Open Theism “heterodox” does not answer Genesis 22:12, Genesis 18:21, Jeremiah 18, Jonah, or the logical problem created by infallibly settled future choices.

A label is not an argument.


11. Open Theism limits God, makes Him human, or denies that He knows the knowable

Spoiler
Raised in: #150, #153, #195, #209, #213, #233, #246, #268, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #189, #207, #211, #216, #229, #230, #232, #235, #236, #248, #251, #267, #271, and here.

Claim: If God does not possess exhaustive infallible knowledge of every future free choice, He is limited like a human and does not know everything that can be known.

Answer: This assumes that every future free choice already exists as a settled fact available to be known.

That is the point under dispute.

A genuinely open choice does not yet have one settled outcome. Nor does Scripture teach that God has eternally contemplated every possible action His creatures might devise.

Concerning Israel’s sacrifice of their children, God gives a comprehensive threefold denial:

He did not command it.

He did not speak it.

It did not enter His mind.

Jeremiah 7:31, 19:5, and 32:35 do not merely say that God never authorized child sacrifice. They say that He never commanded it, never spoke it, and that the idea itself had never entered His mind.

Their wickedness utterly blindsided Him.

These were real actions that men eventually devised and performed. Therefore, I will not answer your unbiblical claim of exhaustive foreknowledge with the equally unbiblical claim that God has already considered every possible creaturely action.

Scripture presents God as living, thinking, investigating, testing, learning, deliberating, expecting, and responding.

He brought the animals to Adam “to see what he would call them.”

He investigated Sodom and said, “If not, I will know.”

He tested Abraham and afterward said, “Now I know.”

He expected good grapes but received wild grapes.

God possesses perfect wisdom and power. He can anticipate what men are likely to do, investigate what He wishes to know, prepare for possibilities He has considered, and respond to whatever His creatures actually devise.

Nothing men do can overpower Him or prevent Him from accomplishing what He determines to accomplish.

The issue is not whether God fails to know an existing settled fact. The issue is that you attribute settled knowledge to God where no settled fact yet exists, while also attributing to Him prior contemplation of possibilities that Scripture says had never entered His mind.


12. Divine foreknowledge is fundamentally different from human foreknowledge

Spoiler
Raised in: #161, #188, #195, #209, #243, #246, #256, #268.

Answered in: #162, #172, #173, #189, #207, #211, #248, #251, #254, #259, #267, #271, and here.

Claim: Human beings may know things beforehand, but God’s foreknowledge is exhaustive and in a different league. Therefore, examples of human foreknowledge are irrelevant.

Answer: God’s knowledge is incomparably greater than man’s knowledge.

That does not change the definition of the word “knowledge.”

Knowledge remains true belief corresponding to reality. Foreknowledge remains knowledge beforehand.

The extent, accuracy, depth, and source of God’s knowledge vastly exceed ours. But the word “foreknowledge” does not automatically expand to mean:

“Exhaustive infallible knowledge of every future free choice before the chooser exists.”

That definition must be established from Scripture and reason. It cannot be smuggled into every verse merely because God is the subject.

Human examples show that knowing beforehand is a coherent category that does not inherently mean exhaustive knowledge of all future events.

God may know particular future events, likely responses, His own intended actions, and events He has determined to bring about. None of those facts proves that He knows every future free choice as already settled.


13. Open Theists cannot say what God cannot know without possessing exhaustive knowledge of God

Spoiler
Raised in: #246.

Answered in: #248, #251, and here.

Claim: To deny that God can exhaustively foreknow future free choices, an Open Theist would need exhaustive knowledge of everything God can know.

Answer: No.

One does not need exhaustive knowledge of every possible truth in order to identify a contradiction.

I do not need exhaustive knowledge of mathematics to know that a square circle is impossible.

Likewise, I do not need exhaustive knowledge of God’s mind to recognize that these two propositions cannot both be true:

1. A future choice is genuinely open and either outcome remains possible.
2. One outcome is already infallibly settled and the contrary cannot occur.

If God infallibly knows that a person will choose A, then choosing not-A cannot occur without making that knowledge false.

If choosing not-A remains genuinely possible, then A is not infallibly settled.

The contradiction arises from the definitions of “infallible,” “possible,” and “choice.” It does not require exhaustive knowledge of God.

Scripture also presents God learning the outcome of tests, responding to men, investigating reports, changing intended courses of action, and saying, “Now I know.” Those texts positively support the open view.


14. Particular proof texts establish exhaustive infallible foreknowledge

Spoiler
Raised in: #147, #153, #161, #195, #209, #233, #240, #243, #246, #253, #256, #261, #277.

Answered in: #154, #169, #189, #207, #211, #216, #235, #236, #241, #248, #251, #254, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: Passages such as Revelation 13:8, Romans 8:29, Jeremiah 1:5, Daniel, Revelation 4:1, Isaiah 41:21–24, Deuteronomy 18:20, James 2:24, Jeremiah 23:23–24, and Psalm 139 prove exhaustive infallible foreknowledge.

Answer: None of those passages says that God exhaustively and infallibly knows every future free choice before the chooser exists.

Romans 8:29 concerns those whom God foreknew and their appointed destiny in Christ. It does not say God eternally knew every choice every individual would make.

Jeremiah 1:5 says God knew Jeremiah and appointed him as a prophet before his birth. God can plan a role for a person and bring that role about without every choice in that person’s life being eternally settled.

Daniel and Revelation prove that God can prophesy.

Revelation 4:1 says John will be shown what must occur. God can determine that certain broad events, judgments, and the final outcome will occur because He Himself will bring them about. That does not establish that every action of every unnamed person within every vision is an immutable future fact.

Isaiah 41 contrasts God with powerless idols. God can declare His plans and bring them to pass. The passage does not define every detail of every prophetic vision as exhaustively settled future history.

Deuteronomy 18 condemns unauthorized prophets whose presumptuous words fail. It does not say that every genuine prophecy is unconditional. Jeremiah 18 explicitly teaches that God may announce an outcome and then change what He intends to do when people change their conduct.

James 2 says Abraham’s faith was demonstrated by his action. It does not say God knew the result before testing him.

Jeremiah 23 and Psalm 139 concern God’s presence, perception, and ability to find men wherever they go. Neither passage says every future free choice is already a settled fact.

Revelation 13:8 does not erase Genesis 22:12. Revelation 17:8 also clarifies the language concerning names and the foundation of the world.

Your proof texts establish particular knowledge, prophecy, divine plans, appointments, and divine power. You repeatedly extrapolate from some knowledge of the future to exhaustive knowledge of every future free choice.

That conclusion does not follow.


15. Revelation’s statement “they did not repent” proves their future choices were settled

Spoiler
Raised in: #188, #195, #209, #240, #243, #245, #246, #252, #253, #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #189, #207, #211, #236, #241, #242, #247, #248, #251, #254, #255, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: Revelation 9:20–21 and Revelation 16:11 state as fact that the people did not repent. Therefore, their non-repentance was infallibly settled before they existed.

Answer: The context is a prophetic vision.

Therefore, the direct meaning is that within the vision shown to John, the men did not repent.

I do not deny the words.

Within the vision:

They could repent.

They chose not to repent.

Their conduct is therefore blameworthy.

The vision itself portrays what might happen in actual history if the relevant circumstances do not change.

“Could” concerns possibility.

“Might” concerns probability.

You repeatedly conflate the two.

The men could repent within the vision because repentance remained within their ability. Given their character, culture, conduct, and response to judgment, however, continued rebellion was the most probable outcome.

Writing that prophetic vision down does not transform it into settled future history.

The people are also described collectively rather than identified by name. Groups of people are highly predictable even for human observers. God can predict the behavior of populations with extraordinary accuracy without every individual future choice being a settled fact.

You have proven that Revelation contains the words “they did not repent.”

You have not proven this additional proposition:

“Their non-repentance was already an immutable future fact before any of them existed.”

That is the premise you continue to assume.


16. A prophetic vision must be settled history or God is mistaken

Spoiler
Raised in: #243, #246, #252, #253, #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #241, #242, #247, #248, #251, #254, #255, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: If the events shown in Revelation can unfold differently, then God made a false statement, lied, or became a false prophet.

Answer: That accusation assumes that the vision was intended as an infallible recording of unalterable future history.

That is the very claim you need to prove.

God can reveal:

His own intentions.

The general direction of history.

The consequences toward which current conduct is leading.

The most likely response of populations under particular conditions.

The final outcome He has determined to bring about.

None of this requires every detail within the vision to be immutably settled.

Scripture contains genuine declarations from God whose announced outcomes changed when men changed.

God told Hezekiah that he would die. Hezekiah prayed, and God extended his life.

God announced judgment against Nineveh. Nineveh repented, and God did not impose the threatened judgment.

Jeremiah 18 explicitly explains the principle. When God speaks concerning a nation, the announced outcome can change when that nation changes its conduct.

God is not mistaken when a warning succeeds in changing the conduct it warned against.

Likewise, if later circumstances produce a different detail from one portrayed within a prophetic vision, God was not mistaken. The vision showed the course history was likely to take under the circumstances then present.

Men can meaningfully affect the course of history because God designed them to do so.


17. Prophecy itself proves exhaustive foreknowledge

Spoiler
Raised in: #147, #153, #195, #233, #240, #243, #246, #253, #256, #261, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #189, #207, #216, #235, #236, #241, #248, #251, #254, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: Since God can prophesy future events, He must possess exhaustive infallible knowledge of the entire future.

Answer: This is an invalid extrapolation.

God can know and declare particular future events for several reasons:

He may have decided to bring the event about Himself.

He may know that an event is practically certain given present circumstances.

He may know the character and tendencies of the people involved.

He may be describing the likely course of events if conditions remain unchanged.

He may intervene to ensure that a particular result occurs.

He may announce a conditional warning intended to prevent the announced result.

Proving that God knows some future events does not prove that He exhaustively knows every future free choice.

Knowing one future event does not entail knowing all future events, just as knowing one present fact does not entail knowing every present fact.

God knows what He has determined to accomplish. He can also predict creatures with a degree of wisdom and accuracy incomparably greater than ours.

Neither ability turns unsettled choices into settled facts.


18. Foreknowledge does not cause or force the choice

Spoiler
Raised in: #243, #245, #252, #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #244, #247, #251, #255, #258, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: Foreknowledge is not a force and does not cause anyone to act. Therefore, divine foreknowledge is compatible with libertarian freedom.

Answer: We agree that knowledge does not cause the event known.

That has never been the argument.

The issue is possibility, not causation.

Suppose God infallibly believes that a man will choose A.

Because God cannot be mistaken, the man cannot choose not-A.

God’s belief does not push, compel, coerce, or physically force the man to choose A.

Nevertheless, not-A cannot occur.

The exclusion of not-A is logical rather than causal.

An event does not need to be physically forced in order to be necessary. If the contrary outcome cannot occur, then the contrary is impossible regardless of whether a “force” causes the event.

Repeating “foreknowledge is not a force” answers an argument no one is making.


19. The necessity remains only in God’s belief and does not transfer to the event

Spoiler
Raised in: #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #258, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: It is necessary that God’s belief be correct, but that necessity does not apply to the person’s action. Open Theists illegitimately transfer necessity from the belief to the event.

Answer: The belief and the event cannot be separated in that way because the belief has propositional content.

Suppose:

God infallibly believes that they will not repent.

God’s belief cannot be false.

If they repent, the belief is false.

Therefore, they cannot repent.

The conclusion follows from infallibility.

We are not arguing:

“They will not repent, therefore they must not repent.”

We are arguing:

“If God already infallibly knows they will not repent, then their repentance cannot occur without making His knowledge false.”

Which premise do you reject?

1. God’s infallible belief cannot be false.
2. If they repent, the belief that they will not repent is false.
3. Therefore, if God infallibly believes they will not repent, they cannot repent.

Calling this a “modal fallacy” does not identify a fallacy.

You must show where the inference fails.


20. They could have repented because God would have known differently

Spoiler
Raised in: #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: The people could have repented. Had they done so, God’s foreknowledge would simply have been different.

Answer: This describes a different possible history containing a different divine belief.

It does not show that they could repent given the actual past, including God’s actual supposedly infallible belief that they would not repent.

The relevant question is:

At the moment when God already infallibly believed that they would not repent, could they instead repent while that actual belief remained a fact of the past?

If yes, God’s belief could be false.

If no, repentance was not genuinely possible in the actual history.

Saying that God would have believed differently in a different history changes the past along with the choice. It does not preserve the actual divine belief while demonstrating a genuine alternative.

The Brave AI quotation begs the question by beginning with “divine certainty.”

Whether God possesses that kind of infallible certainty concerning unsettled future choices is the very point under dispute.

The quotation assumes divine certainty and then merely asserts that the agents retain the power of contrary choice. It does not reconcile the two claims.


21. The people still make the choice themselves

Spoiler
Raised in: #240, #243, #245, #252, #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #241, #242, #247, #251, #255, #258, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: The people are the ones performing the actions, so they remain the free agents responsible for choosing not to repent.

Answer: Calling an action a “choice” does not establish that a genuine alternative was available.

A will is the ability to choose between possibilities.

If only one outcome can occur, then the person cannot choose the alternative.

The person may still experience desires, thoughts, deliberation, and action. But if the final result was infallibly settled before the person existed, none of those processes could ever produce the contrary outcome.

The person becomes the location at which the settled result occurs rather than the originator of a genuinely open choice.

Your standing and sitting analogy removes the disputed element.

You ask whether a person who is standing retains the ability to sit.

Of course he does.

The relevant analogy is:

If God already infallibly knows that you will be standing at a particular future moment, can you instead be sitting at that same moment?

If yes, God’s knowledge can be false.

If no, sitting at that moment is not genuinely possible.

Presently standing does not remove your ability to sit later. Infallibly settled knowledge that you will be standing later excludes your being seated at that same time.


22. First Samuel 15 proves that divine repentance is anthropomorphic

Spoiler
Raised in: #261 and repeated by implication in #277.

Answered in: #262 and here.

Claim: First Samuel 15:11 says God repented that He made Saul king, while verse 29 says God is not a man who repents. Therefore, verse 11 must be anthropomorphic and cannot describe a real change in God.

Answer: Verse 29 does not say that God never repents or changes an intended course of action.

It says that the Strength of Israel will not lie or repent like a man in the matter Samuel has just declared.

Men often repent because they lied, acted deceptively, made a foolish promise, or fickly changed their minds.

God does not repent in that manner.

His repentance concerning Saul was nevertheless real. Verse 11 explicitly states it, and verse 35 repeats it:

“The LORD regretted that He had made Saul king over Israel.”

God’s repentance differs from man’s in character, wisdom, righteousness, and faithfulness. That does not make it fictional.

Reading verse 29 as a denial of verse 11 creates a contradiction within the same chapter. Reading it as a statement that God does not repent as a deceptive or fickle man allows both verses to mean what they say.


23. Distinguishing contexts is special pleading

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Raised in: #209, #213, #233, #252, #275, #277.

Answered in: #211, #216, #236, #247, #251, #255, #257, #259, #262, #276, and here.

Claim: Open Theists engage in special pleading by interpreting Genesis 22, Genesis 18, Genesis 3, Revelation 9, and other passages according to different contexts.

Answer: Special pleading occurs when someone arbitrarily exempts a relevantly identical case from a rule without justification.

These passages are not relevantly identical:

Genesis 22:12 explicitly says, “Now I know,” and gives Abraham’s completed action as the basis: “since you have not withheld your son.”

Genesis 18:19 concerns God’s relationship with Abraham, Abraham’s established character, and God’s purpose for Abraham’s household.

Genesis 3:9 can function as a summons requiring Adam to appear and confess.

Genesis 18:17 depicts God deliberating over whether He should disclose His intention to Abraham.

Genesis 18:21 describes an investigation into a specific outcry: “I will go down now and see... and if not, I will know.”

Genesis 13:13 describes Sodom’s general wickedness.

Revelation 9 describes the conduct of a collective group within a prophetic vision.

First Samuel 15 concerns God genuinely regretting that He made Saul king while remaining unlike fickle, dishonest men.

Recognizing differences in speaker, object, genre, purpose, chronology, and context is ordinary interpretation.

Your method collapses all distinctions and requires every passage to conform to a doctrine imposed beforehand:

God already knew.

God never really deliberated.

God never really investigated.

God never really learned the result of a test.

God never really changed what He intended to do.

Every prophetic detail is immutable future history.

The passages themselves do not state those conclusions. Your theological system requires them.

Calling every contextual distinction “special pleading” does not relieve you of the obligation to interpret the actual words in their actual contexts.


Conclusion

These are the recurring arguments you have made throughout this exchange.

They have now been answered individually and collectively.

In the future, reposting Revelation 9, repeating “foreknowledge is not a force,” declaring “modal fallacy,” calling Open Theism heterodox, or accusing us of special pleading will receive a reference to the corresponding number above unless you address the answer itself.

The central questions remain:

Does “Now I know” mean “I already knew”?

Does “I will go down and see... and if not, I will know” mean “I already knew exhaustively”?

Does seeing something within a prophetic vision automatically transform every detail into immutable future history?

If God infallibly believed before a person existed that the person would choose A, could the person choose not-A?

If the answer is yes, God’s belief could be false.

If the answer is no, the alternative was impossible.

Repeating that foreknowledge did not cause the choice does not resolve that contradiction.
 

Derf

Well-known member
Reference Post: W2G’s Arguments and Where They Have Been Answered

W2G, you have repeatedly returned to arguments that have already been answered, frequently without addressing the answers.

To prevent the discussion from becoming an endless cycle of repetition, I am consolidating your arguments here. Each entry identifies:

1. The posts in which you raised the argument.
2. The claim being made.
3. The posts in which it was answered.
4. The answer.

From this point forward, when you repeat one of these arguments without addressing the answer, I will refer you to the corresponding number in this post.

If you believe an answer fails, identify the particular statement or premise you reject and explain why. Merely repeating the original claim will not advance the discussion.

1. “Now I know” was merely a confirmatory declaration

Spoiler
Raised in: #147, #163, #179, #188, #209, #256, #261, #277.

Answered in: #148, #151, #154, #162, #169, #173, #180, #184, #189, #207, #211, #251, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: When God said, “Now I know that you fear God,” He did not acquire any new information. He was publicly confirming, demonstrating, or announcing what He had always known.

Answer: Genesis 22 gives a sequence:

God tested Abraham.

Abraham obeyed.

God then said:

“Now I know that you fear God, since you have not withheld your son, your only son, from Me.”

“Now” identifies when God knew the result of the test. “Since” identifies the evidence upon which that knowledge was based.

The text does not say:

“Now Abraham knows.”

“Now Isaac knows.”

“Now everyone else knows.”

“Now I am publicly confirming what I already knew.”

It says, “Now I know,” and ties that knowledge directly to Abraham’s completed action.

Your interpretation reverses the words. “Now I know” becomes “I already knew.” Calling that a “confirmatory declaration” merely gives the reversal a label.

Your poker analogy also assumes the disputed premise. A man who knows that his friend generally loves to bluff does not therefore know whether the man will bluff when his home, livelihood, or child is at stake. Prior knowledge of a general disposition does not equal knowledge of how that disposition will hold under the most severe test imaginable.

That distinction is the entire reason for testing someone.


2. God already knew Abraham had faith

Spoiler
Raised in: #153, #161, #163, #179, #188, #209, #256, #277.

Answered in: #154, #162, #169, #173, #180, #184, #189, #207, #211, #251, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: Genesis 15:6, Genesis 18:19, Romans 4, and James 2 show that God already knew Abraham was faithful. Therefore, Genesis 22 could not have revealed anything to God.

Answer: No one denies that Abraham already had faith.

Genesis 15 establishes that Abraham believed God.

Genesis 18 describes God’s existing knowledge of Abraham, his calling, and the kind of household he was expected to establish.

Genesis 22 tests whether Abraham’s faith would endure when obedience appeared to threaten Isaac, the promises concerning Isaac, and Abraham’s understanding of God’s own character.

Knowing that Abraham had previously acted faithfully is not identical to knowing whether he would remain faithful under every possible future circumstance.

A person can be faithful under ordinary conditions and fail when the cost becomes severe. That is why Scripture distinguishes between possessing faith and having that faith tested.

James 2 confirms that Abraham’s faith was demonstrated and perfected through his action. It does not say that God exhaustively knew the result before the test.

Genesis 18:19 also does not say:

“I know that Abraham will offer Isaac if I command him to do so.”

You keep inserting that conclusion into the passage.


3. The typology of Christ required God to know Abraham would obey

Spoiler
Raised in: #147, #153, #161, #188, #195, #256.

Answered in: #148, #151, #154, #157, #169, #189, #192, #199, #207, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: Genesis 22 foreshadows Christ. God could not have arranged that typology without already knowing that Abraham would obey.

Answer: God’s ability to accomplish redemption did not depend upon Abraham’s obedience.

Abraham’s offering of Isaac became a type of the Father offering His Son because Abraham obeyed. Had Abraham failed, God’s plan of redemption would not have failed. God would still have sent Christ, and Abraham’s failure could itself have illustrated mankind’s failure and God’s provision despite that failure.

God controls His own actions. He knew what He intended to do through Christ because He could decide to do it and had the power to accomplish it.

That does not require Him to possess exhaustive foreknowledge of Abraham’s unsettled free choice.

The account became the particular foreshadowing that it became because of what Abraham actually did. God did not need to eternally know Abraham’s decision in order to respond meaningfully to it and incorporate it into His revelation.


4. The ram proves that God already knew Abraham would obey

Spoiler
Raised in: #188, #195, #256.

Answered in: #189, #192, #199, #207, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: The ram caught in the thicket could not have been present unless God already knew Abraham would follow through. Otherwise, its presence would have been a lucky coincidence.

Answer: Abraham traveled for approximately three days. God had ample time to bring the ram to the location while Abraham’s obedience was unfolding.

God can move an animal without exhaustively foreknowing every future free choice.

The ram could also have served a purpose had Abraham failed. God could have used it to demonstrate that He provides even when men fail under the weight of a test.

Preparing provision for a contingency does not require knowing which contingent outcome must occur.

Fire departments prepare for fires without knowing that a particular building will burn. A wise general prepares for several possible enemy movements without knowing which movement will be chosen. God is incomparably more capable of preparing for contingencies.

The ram proves that God provided. It does not transform “Now I know” into “I already knew.”


5. A real contingency would make the test pointless or turn it into a test of God

Spoiler
Raised in: #156, #179, #195, #256, #261.

Answered in: #157, #169, #180, #184, #189, #199, #207, #211, #251, #257, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: If Abraham could have refused, then God was effectively testing His own faith, risking His own plan, or making a mistake.

Answer: Genesis 22 explicitly says that God tested Abraham.

No one has claimed that God tested His own faith.

The test had value regardless of the result:

If Abraham obeyed, the test revealed that his faith endured.

If Abraham refused, the test would have revealed that his faith failed under that pressure.

A test does not become pointless merely because failure is possible. The possibility of different outcomes is what makes it a real test.

Nor would Abraham’s failure have constituted a mistake by God. Creating beings capable of success and failure involves risk, but a creature’s failure does not turn God’s decision to test him into an error.

A teacher is not mistaken merely because a student fails an examination. The examination reveals the student’s actual performance.

Your position turns the test into a scripted demonstration of a result God had exhaustively known from eternity. That interpretation removes the test’s investigative function.


6. God’s questions, deliberations, and investigations are rhetorical or anthropomorphic

Spoiler
Raised in: #152, #153, #209, #213, #256, #261, #275, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #157, #211, #216, #251, #257, #259, #262, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: When God asks questions, deliberates, tests, or investigates, He already knows the answer. The language is merely rhetorical, accommodating, or anthropomorphic.

Answer: Different questions can have different purposes. No one has claimed that every question God asks proves that He lacks information.

“Adam, where are you?” can function as a summons requiring Adam to come forward and answer for himself.

That does not establish that every other divine question is rhetorical.

In Genesis 18:17 God asks:

“Shall I hide from Abraham what I am doing?”

God is considering His own future action. He then considers Abraham’s calling and decides to disclose the matter.

The text depicts deliberation. Declaring the question “rhetorical” merely assumes that the decision had already been immutably made. You have offered no textual argument for that assumption.

Likewise, Genesis 18:21 says:

“I will go down now and see whether they have done altogether according to the outcry against it that has come to Me; and if not, I will know.”

The verse identifies:

What God intended to investigate.

Why He intended to investigate it.

What He would know as a result.

Calling the passage anthropomorphic does not authorize you to reverse every verb in it. “I will see” cannot simply be changed into “I have already seen,” and “I will know” cannot simply be changed into “I already know.”


7. Genesis 13:13 proves God already knew everything about Sodom

Spoiler
Raised in: #150, #152, #153, #156, #209, #213, #233, #261, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #157, #207, #211, #216, #229, #232, #235, #236, #262, and here.

Claim: Genesis 13:13 says the men of Sodom were wicked. Therefore, God already knew the complete truth about the outcry in Genesis 18 and did not need to investigate.

Answer: Genesis 13:13 and Genesis 18:21 address different objects of knowledge.

Genesis 13:13 says that the men of Sodom were generally wicked.

Genesis 18:21 concerns a particular outcry and whether the people had acted altogether according to that report.

Knowing that a city is generally wicked does not mean knowing every detail of every later accusation against every person in that city.

A judge may know that a criminal organization is wicked while still investigating whether a particular allegation against particular members is true.

God judges righteously. He does not condemn people on the basis of rumor. Genesis presents Him investigating the specific outcry before imposing judgment.

Matthew 12:36 says that men will account for their idle words. It does not say that God exhaustively foreknew every one of those words before the speakers existed.

Likewise, the angels arriving with authority to destroy Sodom does not erase the investigation that preceded the judgment.


8. God must already know something before He can decide not to investigate it

Spoiler
Raised in: #272, #275.

Answered in: #274, #276, and here.

Claim: God cannot decide that He does not want to know something unless He already knows the thing He has supposedly decided not to know.

Answer: A person can know that a matter exists without knowing all its contents.

You can know that a sealed letter exists and decide not to open it without already knowing everything written inside.

You can know that a report has been made without already knowing whether the report is accurate.

Likewise, God can know that there is a matter available for investigation without already possessing every detail that investigation would uncover.

Genesis 18 explicitly presents such a situation. An outcry reaches God. God knows the outcry exists. He decides to investigate whether the allegations are accurate.

Knowledge that a question exists is not knowledge of the answer.


9. Open Theists deny Scripture or ignore the rest of Scripture

Spoiler
Raised in: #150, #153, #156, #195, #209, #213, #233, #243, #252, #256, #261, #275, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #157, #207, #211, #216, #236, #241, #249, #251, #254, #257, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: Open Theists deny Scripture because they do not accept the Classical Theist interpretation of passages about God’s knowledge and prophecy.

Answer: Disagreeing with your interpretation is not denying Scripture.

I affirm that Genesis says, “Now I know.”

I affirm that Genesis says God went down to see, “and if not, I will know.”

I affirm that Revelation says, “They did not repent.”

I affirm that God prophesies and that His plans will ultimately prevail.

The dispute concerns what those statements mean in context and whether they establish your additional doctrine of exhaustive infallible knowledge of every future free choice.

You repeatedly move from:

“The Bible says X”

to:

“My theological interpretation of X is true”

and then accuse anyone who rejects the second statement of rejecting the first.

That does not follow.

Writing “they did not repent” in a prophetic vision does not automatically establish that their future free choices were immutable facts before they existed.

You must prove that additional claim instead of labeling disagreement “denial of Scripture.”


10. Classical Theism is historically orthodox, while Open Theism is heterodox

Spoiler
Raised in: #209, #213, #233, #277.

Answered in: #210, #211, #216, #230, #235, #236, and here.

Claim: Classical Theism has approximately nineteen centuries of precedent. Open Theism is heterodox. Therefore, Classical Theism is more credible.

Answer: This is an appeal to tradition.

A doctrine does not become true because it has been held for a long time or labeled orthodox by later institutions.

Tradition may be historically interesting and may justify examining a doctrine carefully. It does not establish the doctrine’s truth.

The questions remain:

What does Scripture say?

Is the doctrine logically coherent?

Calling Open Theism “heterodox” does not answer Genesis 22:12, Genesis 18:21, Jeremiah 18, Jonah, or the logical problem created by infallibly settled future choices.

A label is not an argument.


11. Open Theism limits God, makes Him human, or denies that He knows the knowable

Spoiler
Raised in: #150, #153, #195, #209, #213, #233, #246, #268, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #189, #207, #211, #216, #229, #230, #232, #235, #236, #248, #251, #267, #271, and here.

Claim: If God does not possess exhaustive infallible knowledge of every future free choice, He is limited like a human and does not know everything that can be known.

Answer: This assumes that every future free choice already exists as a settled fact available to be known.

That is the point under dispute.

A genuinely open choice does not yet have one settled outcome. Nor does Scripture teach that God has eternally contemplated every possible action His creatures might devise.

Concerning Israel’s sacrifice of their children, God gives a comprehensive threefold denial:

He did not command it.

He did not speak it.

It did not enter His mind.

Jeremiah 7:31, 19:5, and 32:35 do not merely say that God never authorized child sacrifice. They say that He never commanded it, never spoke it, and that the idea itself had never entered His mind.

Their wickedness utterly blindsided Him.

These were real actions that men eventually devised and performed. Therefore, I will not answer your unbiblical claim of exhaustive foreknowledge with the equally unbiblical claim that God has already considered every possible creaturely action.

Scripture presents God as living, thinking, investigating, testing, learning, deliberating, expecting, and responding.

He brought the animals to Adam “to see what he would call them.”

He investigated Sodom and said, “If not, I will know.”

He tested Abraham and afterward said, “Now I know.”

He expected good grapes but received wild grapes.

God possesses perfect wisdom and power. He can anticipate what men are likely to do, investigate what He wishes to know, prepare for possibilities He has considered, and respond to whatever His creatures actually devise.

Nothing men do can overpower Him or prevent Him from accomplishing what He determines to accomplish.

The issue is not whether God fails to know an existing settled fact. The issue is that you attribute settled knowledge to God where no settled fact yet exists, while also attributing to Him prior contemplation of possibilities that Scripture says had never entered His mind.


12. Divine foreknowledge is fundamentally different from human foreknowledge

Spoiler
Raised in: #161, #188, #195, #209, #243, #246, #256, #268.

Answered in: #162, #172, #173, #189, #207, #211, #248, #251, #254, #259, #267, #271, and here.

Claim: Human beings may know things beforehand, but God’s foreknowledge is exhaustive and in a different league. Therefore, examples of human foreknowledge are irrelevant.

Answer: God’s knowledge is incomparably greater than man’s knowledge.

That does not change the definition of the word “knowledge.”

Knowledge remains true belief corresponding to reality. Foreknowledge remains knowledge beforehand.

The extent, accuracy, depth, and source of God’s knowledge vastly exceed ours. But the word “foreknowledge” does not automatically expand to mean:

“Exhaustive infallible knowledge of every future free choice before the chooser exists.”

That definition must be established from Scripture and reason. It cannot be smuggled into every verse merely because God is the subject.

Human examples show that knowing beforehand is a coherent category that does not inherently mean exhaustive knowledge of all future events.

God may know particular future events, likely responses, His own intended actions, and events He has determined to bring about. None of those facts proves that He knows every future free choice as already settled.


13. Open Theists cannot say what God cannot know without possessing exhaustive knowledge of God

Spoiler
Raised in: #246.

Answered in: #248, #251, and here.

Claim: To deny that God can exhaustively foreknow future free choices, an Open Theist would need exhaustive knowledge of everything God can know.

Answer: No.

One does not need exhaustive knowledge of every possible truth in order to identify a contradiction.

I do not need exhaustive knowledge of mathematics to know that a square circle is impossible.

Likewise, I do not need exhaustive knowledge of God’s mind to recognize that these two propositions cannot both be true:

1. A future choice is genuinely open and either outcome remains possible.
2. One outcome is already infallibly settled and the contrary cannot occur.

If God infallibly knows that a person will choose A, then choosing not-A cannot occur without making that knowledge false.

If choosing not-A remains genuinely possible, then A is not infallibly settled.

The contradiction arises from the definitions of “infallible,” “possible,” and “choice.” It does not require exhaustive knowledge of God.

Scripture also presents God learning the outcome of tests, responding to men, investigating reports, changing intended courses of action, and saying, “Now I know.” Those texts positively support the open view.


14. Particular proof texts establish exhaustive infallible foreknowledge

Spoiler
Raised in: #147, #153, #161, #195, #209, #233, #240, #243, #246, #253, #256, #261, #277.

Answered in: #154, #169, #189, #207, #211, #216, #235, #236, #241, #248, #251, #254, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: Passages such as Revelation 13:8, Romans 8:29, Jeremiah 1:5, Daniel, Revelation 4:1, Isaiah 41:21–24, Deuteronomy 18:20, James 2:24, Jeremiah 23:23–24, and Psalm 139 prove exhaustive infallible foreknowledge.

Answer: None of those passages says that God exhaustively and infallibly knows every future free choice before the chooser exists.

Romans 8:29 concerns those whom God foreknew and their appointed destiny in Christ. It does not say God eternally knew every choice every individual would make.

Jeremiah 1:5 says God knew Jeremiah and appointed him as a prophet before his birth. God can plan a role for a person and bring that role about without every choice in that person’s life being eternally settled.

Daniel and Revelation prove that God can prophesy.

Revelation 4:1 says John will be shown what must occur. God can determine that certain broad events, judgments, and the final outcome will occur because He Himself will bring them about. That does not establish that every action of every unnamed person within every vision is an immutable future fact.

Isaiah 41 contrasts God with powerless idols. God can declare His plans and bring them to pass. The passage does not define every detail of every prophetic vision as exhaustively settled future history.

Deuteronomy 18 condemns unauthorized prophets whose presumptuous words fail. It does not say that every genuine prophecy is unconditional. Jeremiah 18 explicitly teaches that God may announce an outcome and then change what He intends to do when people change their conduct.

James 2 says Abraham’s faith was demonstrated by his action. It does not say God knew the result before testing him.

Jeremiah 23 and Psalm 139 concern God’s presence, perception, and ability to find men wherever they go. Neither passage says every future free choice is already a settled fact.

Revelation 13:8 does not erase Genesis 22:12. Revelation 17:8 also clarifies the language concerning names and the foundation of the world.

Your proof texts establish particular knowledge, prophecy, divine plans, appointments, and divine power. You repeatedly extrapolate from some knowledge of the future to exhaustive knowledge of every future free choice.

That conclusion does not follow.


15. Revelation’s statement “they did not repent” proves their future choices were settled

Spoiler
Raised in: #188, #195, #209, #240, #243, #245, #246, #252, #253, #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #189, #207, #211, #236, #241, #242, #247, #248, #251, #254, #255, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: Revelation 9:20–21 and Revelation 16:11 state as fact that the people did not repent. Therefore, their non-repentance was infallibly settled before they existed.

Answer: The context is a prophetic vision.

Therefore, the direct meaning is that within the vision shown to John, the men did not repent.

I do not deny the words.

Within the vision:

They could repent.

They chose not to repent.

Their conduct is therefore blameworthy.

The vision itself portrays what might happen in actual history if the relevant circumstances do not change.

“Could” concerns possibility.

“Might” concerns probability.

You repeatedly conflate the two.

The men could repent within the vision because repentance remained within their ability. Given their character, culture, conduct, and response to judgment, however, continued rebellion was the most probable outcome.

Writing that prophetic vision down does not transform it into settled future history.

The people are also described collectively rather than identified by name. Groups of people are highly predictable even for human observers. God can predict the behavior of populations with extraordinary accuracy without every individual future choice being a settled fact.

You have proven that Revelation contains the words “they did not repent.”

You have not proven this additional proposition:

“Their non-repentance was already an immutable future fact before any of them existed.”

That is the premise you continue to assume.


16. A prophetic vision must be settled history or God is mistaken

Spoiler
Raised in: #243, #246, #252, #253, #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #241, #242, #247, #248, #251, #254, #255, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: If the events shown in Revelation can unfold differently, then God made a false statement, lied, or became a false prophet.

Answer: That accusation assumes that the vision was intended as an infallible recording of unalterable future history.

That is the very claim you need to prove.

God can reveal:

His own intentions.

The general direction of history.

The consequences toward which current conduct is leading.

The most likely response of populations under particular conditions.

The final outcome He has determined to bring about.

None of this requires every detail within the vision to be immutably settled.

Scripture contains genuine declarations from God whose announced outcomes changed when men changed.

God told Hezekiah that he would die. Hezekiah prayed, and God extended his life.

God announced judgment against Nineveh. Nineveh repented, and God did not impose the threatened judgment.

Jeremiah 18 explicitly explains the principle. When God speaks concerning a nation, the announced outcome can change when that nation changes its conduct.

God is not mistaken when a warning succeeds in changing the conduct it warned against.

Likewise, if later circumstances produce a different detail from one portrayed within a prophetic vision, God was not mistaken. The vision showed the course history was likely to take under the circumstances then present.

Men can meaningfully affect the course of history because God designed them to do so.


17. Prophecy itself proves exhaustive foreknowledge

Spoiler
Raised in: #147, #153, #195, #233, #240, #243, #246, #253, #256, #261, #277.

Answered in: #151, #154, #189, #207, #216, #235, #236, #241, #248, #251, #254, #259, #262, and here.

Claim: Since God can prophesy future events, He must possess exhaustive infallible knowledge of the entire future.

Answer: This is an invalid extrapolation.

God can know and declare particular future events for several reasons:

He may have decided to bring the event about Himself.

He may know that an event is practically certain given present circumstances.

He may know the character and tendencies of the people involved.

He may be describing the likely course of events if conditions remain unchanged.

He may intervene to ensure that a particular result occurs.

He may announce a conditional warning intended to prevent the announced result.

Proving that God knows some future events does not prove that He exhaustively knows every future free choice.

Knowing one future event does not entail knowing all future events, just as knowing one present fact does not entail knowing every present fact.

God knows what He has determined to accomplish. He can also predict creatures with a degree of wisdom and accuracy incomparably greater than ours.

Neither ability turns unsettled choices into settled facts.


18. Foreknowledge does not cause or force the choice

Spoiler
Raised in: #243, #245, #252, #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #244, #247, #251, #255, #258, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: Foreknowledge is not a force and does not cause anyone to act. Therefore, divine foreknowledge is compatible with libertarian freedom.

Answer: We agree that knowledge does not cause the event known.

That has never been the argument.

The issue is possibility, not causation.

Suppose God infallibly believes that a man will choose A.

Because God cannot be mistaken, the man cannot choose not-A.

God’s belief does not push, compel, coerce, or physically force the man to choose A.

Nevertheless, not-A cannot occur.

The exclusion of not-A is logical rather than causal.

An event does not need to be physically forced in order to be necessary. If the contrary outcome cannot occur, then the contrary is impossible regardless of whether a “force” causes the event.

Repeating “foreknowledge is not a force” answers an argument no one is making.


19. The necessity remains only in God’s belief and does not transfer to the event

Spoiler
Raised in: #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #258, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: It is necessary that God’s belief be correct, but that necessity does not apply to the person’s action. Open Theists illegitimately transfer necessity from the belief to the event.

Answer: The belief and the event cannot be separated in that way because the belief has propositional content.

Suppose:

God infallibly believes that they will not repent.

God’s belief cannot be false.

If they repent, the belief is false.

Therefore, they cannot repent.

The conclusion follows from infallibility.

We are not arguing:

“They will not repent, therefore they must not repent.”

We are arguing:

“If God already infallibly knows they will not repent, then their repentance cannot occur without making His knowledge false.”

Which premise do you reject?

1. God’s infallible belief cannot be false.
2. If they repent, the belief that they will not repent is false.
3. Therefore, if God infallibly believes they will not repent, they cannot repent.

Calling this a “modal fallacy” does not identify a fallacy.

You must show where the inference fails.


20. They could have repented because God would have known differently

Spoiler
Raised in: #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: The people could have repented. Had they done so, God’s foreknowledge would simply have been different.

Answer: This describes a different possible history containing a different divine belief.

It does not show that they could repent given the actual past, including God’s actual supposedly infallible belief that they would not repent.

The relevant question is:

At the moment when God already infallibly believed that they would not repent, could they instead repent while that actual belief remained a fact of the past?

If yes, God’s belief could be false.

If no, repentance was not genuinely possible in the actual history.

Saying that God would have believed differently in a different history changes the past along with the choice. It does not preserve the actual divine belief while demonstrating a genuine alternative.

The Brave AI quotation begs the question by beginning with “divine certainty.”

Whether God possesses that kind of infallible certainty concerning unsettled future choices is the very point under dispute.

The quotation assumes divine certainty and then merely asserts that the agents retain the power of contrary choice. It does not reconcile the two claims.


21. The people still make the choice themselves

Spoiler
Raised in: #240, #243, #245, #252, #256, #261, #266, #268, #272, #275, #277.

Answered in: #241, #242, #247, #251, #255, #258, #259, #262, #267, #271, #274, #276, and here.

Claim: The people are the ones performing the actions, so they remain the free agents responsible for choosing not to repent.

Answer: Calling an action a “choice” does not establish that a genuine alternative was available.

A will is the ability to choose between possibilities.

If only one outcome can occur, then the person cannot choose the alternative.

The person may still experience desires, thoughts, deliberation, and action. But if the final result was infallibly settled before the person existed, none of those processes could ever produce the contrary outcome.

The person becomes the location at which the settled result occurs rather than the originator of a genuinely open choice.

Your standing and sitting analogy removes the disputed element.

You ask whether a person who is standing retains the ability to sit.

Of course he does.

The relevant analogy is:

If God already infallibly knows that you will be standing at a particular future moment, can you instead be sitting at that same moment?

If yes, God’s knowledge can be false.

If no, sitting at that moment is not genuinely possible.

Presently standing does not remove your ability to sit later. Infallibly settled knowledge that you will be standing later excludes your being seated at that same time.


22. First Samuel 15 proves that divine repentance is anthropomorphic

Spoiler
Raised in: #261 and repeated by implication in #277.

Answered in: #262 and here.

Claim: First Samuel 15:11 says God repented that He made Saul king, while verse 29 says God is not a man who repents. Therefore, verse 11 must be anthropomorphic and cannot describe a real change in God.

Answer: Verse 29 does not say that God never repents or changes an intended course of action.

It says that the Strength of Israel will not lie or repent like a man in the matter Samuel has just declared.

Men often repent because they lied, acted deceptively, made a foolish promise, or fickly changed their minds.

God does not repent in that manner.

His repentance concerning Saul was nevertheless real. Verse 11 explicitly states it, and verse 35 repeats it:

“The LORD regretted that He had made Saul king over Israel.”

God’s repentance differs from man’s in character, wisdom, righteousness, and faithfulness. That does not make it fictional.

Reading verse 29 as a denial of verse 11 creates a contradiction within the same chapter. Reading it as a statement that God does not repent as a deceptive or fickle man allows both verses to mean what they say.


23. Distinguishing contexts is special pleading

Spoiler
Raised in: #209, #213, #233, #252, #275, #277.

Answered in: #211, #216, #236, #247, #251, #255, #257, #259, #262, #276, and here.

Claim: Open Theists engage in special pleading by interpreting Genesis 22, Genesis 18, Genesis 3, Revelation 9, and other passages according to different contexts.

Answer: Special pleading occurs when someone arbitrarily exempts a relevantly identical case from a rule without justification.

These passages are not relevantly identical:

Genesis 22:12 explicitly says, “Now I know,” and gives Abraham’s completed action as the basis: “since you have not withheld your son.”

Genesis 18:19 concerns God’s relationship with Abraham, Abraham’s established character, and God’s purpose for Abraham’s household.

Genesis 3:9 can function as a summons requiring Adam to appear and confess.

Genesis 18:17 depicts God deliberating over whether He should disclose His intention to Abraham.

Genesis 18:21 describes an investigation into a specific outcry: “I will go down now and see... and if not, I will know.”

Genesis 13:13 describes Sodom’s general wickedness.

Revelation 9 describes the conduct of a collective group within a prophetic vision.

First Samuel 15 concerns God genuinely regretting that He made Saul king while remaining unlike fickle, dishonest men.

Recognizing differences in speaker, object, genre, purpose, chronology, and context is ordinary interpretation.

Your method collapses all distinctions and requires every passage to conform to a doctrine imposed beforehand:

God already knew.

God never really deliberated.

God never really investigated.

God never really learned the result of a test.

God never really changed what He intended to do.

Every prophetic detail is immutable future history.

The passages themselves do not state those conclusions. Your theological system requires them.

Calling every contextual distinction “special pleading” does not relieve you of the obligation to interpret the actual words in their actual contexts.


Conclusion

These are the recurring arguments you have made throughout this exchange.

They have now been answered individually and collectively.

In the future, reposting Revelation 9, repeating “foreknowledge is not a force,” declaring “modal fallacy,” calling Open Theism heterodox, or accusing us of special pleading will receive a reference to the corresponding number above unless you address the answer itself.

The central questions remain:

Does “Now I know” mean “I already knew”?

Does “I will go down and see... and if not, I will know” mean “I already knew exhaustively”?

Does seeing something within a prophetic vision automatically transform every detail into immutable future history?

If God infallibly believed before a person existed that the person would choose A, could the person choose not-A?

If the answer is yes, God’s belief could be false.

If the answer is no, the alternative was impossible.

Repeating that foreknowledge did not cause the choice does not resolve that contradiction.
I congratulate you on your patience.
 
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