Ribera and Lacunza and the Doctrine of the Distant Future Anti-Christ
Many Protestants during and soon after the Reformation were saying that the Catholic Church was the Anti-Christ.
But two Jesuit priests wrote books which changed the time of the anticipated appearance of the Anti-Christ to some time in the distant future just before the end of the world.
This change was established by dispensationalism in response to the works of the two Jesuits and had the effect of removing the Catholic Church from being seen as the Anti-Christ. This change in the position of most Protestant denominations toward Rome was the direct result of this change in interpretation of I John 2: 18-19 and I John 4: 1-3 brought about by the Jesuit writers.
Sometimes its hard to tell whether Christians at the time of the Reformation or afterwards - but before dispensationalism - mean a one man super anti-Christ figure, as in dispensationalist fable, or if they are using the singular "Anti-Christ" to represent the spirit of anti-Christ of I John 4: 3, with there being many anti-Christs with the spirit of anti-Christ, which is what John is teaching.
Francisco Ribera, 1537-1591, was a Jesuit Priest who wrote in 1585 Sacrum Beati Ioannis Apostoli, & Evangelistiae Apocalypsin Commentarij. He did not write this book to add to Catholic doctrine but to change protestant theology about when the anti-Christ or the spirit of anti-Christ was to appear.
So Ribera wrote that the Anti-Christ would not appear until way off in the future, hopefully changing the Protestant theology on Anti-Christ so that the Protestants would no longer claim that the Pope and the Catholic Church were the Anti-Christ..In order to remove the Catholic Church from being seen as the Anti-Christ by the Protestants, Ribera said that the first few chapters of Revelation applied to ancient pagan Rome, and the rest he limited to a yet future period of 3 1/2 literal years, immediately prior to the second coming.. Then, Ribera claimed, the antichrist, a single individual, would:
Persecute and blaspheme the saints of God
.Rebuild the temple in Jerusalem.
Abolish the Christian religion.
Deny Jesus Christ.
Be received by the Jews.
Pretend to be God
.Kill the two witnesses of God
.Conquer the world."
Then another Jesuit priest, Emmanuel Lacunza, 1731-1801, wrote The Coming of the Messiah in Glory and Majesty (1790). Lacunza said that before Christ appeared the second time there would be a general apostasy of the Catholic Church which would make it part of the Anti-Christ apostasy. . What is important also is that Lacunza'a book was based upon a futurist interpretation of Bible prophecy.
According to http://www.theologue.org/Theory-JPEby.html Lacunza the Jesuit also claimed that Jesus will return twice, and on his first return return He "raptures" the Church so they can escape the reign of the "future antichrist." This interpretation of a future Anti-Christ as one man was apparently meant to steer the Protestants away from saying the Pope was the present Anti-Christ.
Edward Irving, an associate of John Darby and the English Plymouth Brethren, discovered Lacunza's book and was influenced by it. He translated it into English, and it was published in 1827.
So, it took a while, but the Jesuit effort to change the Protestant theology on when the Anti-Christ was to come, placing his appearance in the far distant future, finally worked. It worked in the Protestant theology called dispensationalism which began in the 19th century.
Many Protestants during and soon after the Reformation were saying that the Catholic Church was the Anti-Christ.
But two Jesuit priests wrote books which changed the time of the anticipated appearance of the Anti-Christ to some time in the distant future just before the end of the world.
This change was established by dispensationalism in response to the works of the two Jesuits and had the effect of removing the Catholic Church from being seen as the Anti-Christ. This change in the position of most Protestant denominations toward Rome was the direct result of this change in interpretation of I John 2: 18-19 and I John 4: 1-3 brought about by the Jesuit writers.
Sometimes its hard to tell whether Christians at the time of the Reformation or afterwards - but before dispensationalism - mean a one man super anti-Christ figure, as in dispensationalist fable, or if they are using the singular "Anti-Christ" to represent the spirit of anti-Christ of I John 4: 3, with there being many anti-Christs with the spirit of anti-Christ, which is what John is teaching.
Francisco Ribera, 1537-1591, was a Jesuit Priest who wrote in 1585 Sacrum Beati Ioannis Apostoli, & Evangelistiae Apocalypsin Commentarij. He did not write this book to add to Catholic doctrine but to change protestant theology about when the anti-Christ or the spirit of anti-Christ was to appear.
So Ribera wrote that the Anti-Christ would not appear until way off in the future, hopefully changing the Protestant theology on Anti-Christ so that the Protestants would no longer claim that the Pope and the Catholic Church were the Anti-Christ..In order to remove the Catholic Church from being seen as the Anti-Christ by the Protestants, Ribera said that the first few chapters of Revelation applied to ancient pagan Rome, and the rest he limited to a yet future period of 3 1/2 literal years, immediately prior to the second coming.. Then, Ribera claimed, the antichrist, a single individual, would:
Persecute and blaspheme the saints of God
.Rebuild the temple in Jerusalem.
Abolish the Christian religion.
Deny Jesus Christ.
Be received by the Jews.
Pretend to be God
.Kill the two witnesses of God
.Conquer the world."
Then another Jesuit priest, Emmanuel Lacunza, 1731-1801, wrote The Coming of the Messiah in Glory and Majesty (1790). Lacunza said that before Christ appeared the second time there would be a general apostasy of the Catholic Church which would make it part of the Anti-Christ apostasy. . What is important also is that Lacunza'a book was based upon a futurist interpretation of Bible prophecy.
According to http://www.theologue.org/Theory-JPEby.html Lacunza the Jesuit also claimed that Jesus will return twice, and on his first return return He "raptures" the Church so they can escape the reign of the "future antichrist." This interpretation of a future Anti-Christ as one man was apparently meant to steer the Protestants away from saying the Pope was the present Anti-Christ.
Edward Irving, an associate of John Darby and the English Plymouth Brethren, discovered Lacunza's book and was influenced by it. He translated it into English, and it was published in 1827.
So, it took a while, but the Jesuit effort to change the Protestant theology on when the Anti-Christ was to come, placing his appearance in the far distant future, finally worked. It worked in the Protestant theology called dispensationalism which began in the 19th century.